Respiratory Flashcards
What is Emphysema?
Alveolar destruction leading to less area for gas exchange
What is Bronchitis?
Airway inflammation therefore increased mucous and less ventolation
What are the symptoms of COPD?
Breathlessness Wheeze Chronic cough Sputum Frequent infection
What test can you do for COPD?
Spirometry
How to manage chronic COPD?
Tiotropium
Home O2
Stop smoking
Acute management of COPD?
Increased inhalers
Steroids
Antibiotics
Hospital
What to avoid when someone suffers from COPD?
NSAIDS
Sedation
Medical emergency of COPD?
Sit patient up ABC O2 but avoid high flow Bronchodialtor Hospital
What is asthma?
Reversible small airway obstruction
What assessment can you do for someone with asthma?
Peak flow
What is the drug management for asthma?
B2 antagonist (short acting = salbutamol) (long acting= Salmeratol) Inhaled steroids- Bedamethasone Combined inhalers- Seretide Daily steroid tablet
What are the signs of unstable asthma?
Recent infections
More frequent inhaler use
Reduced exercise limit
GP management
How to manage an acute asthma attack?
Don’t lie the patient flat
Salbutamol- spacer cone 10 mins
Give O2
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What are the signs of life threatening asthma? (4)
Cyanosis
Weak pulse
Exhaustion
Confusion
What oral signs of asthma can you see?
Oral candidosis
Altered taste
Dry mouth
What is pneumonia?
lung tissue infection
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
Acute illness Green sputum Breathlessness Fever Chest pain
What is the management of pneumonia?
Antibiotics
Hospital
O2
Airway support
What is a pneumothorax?
Leak of air into lung
What is the management of pneunothorax?
Chest drain
What is sleep apnoea?
Collapse of airway during sleep
What is the management of sleep apnoea?
Lifestyle changes
Continuous airway pressure device
What is DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis- clot in peripheral veins
What is PE?
Pulmonary Embolus- clot migrate to lungs
What are the signs of DVT?
Painful swollen legs
What are the signs of PE?
Chest pain
Breathlessness
Collapse
Death
What drug will someone be on if they have DVT?
Anticoagulants
