Haematology Flashcards
What are the signs of Acute leukaemia?
Bleeding
Infection
Lymphadenopathy
Anaemia
What are the signs of Chronic leukaemia?
Anaemia
Lymphadenopathy
What are the signs of Hodgkens lymphoma?
Weight loss Anaemia Itching Fever Lymphadenopathy
What are the signs of non-hogkens lymphoma?
Lymphadenopathy
Anorexia
Fever
What are the dental signs of mouth haematological malignancies?
Bleeding Atypical infections (candida, herpes) Lymphadenopathy Gingival swelling Ulcers
If you have a platelet problem (production, deficiency, destruction), what drug do you take?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
What can you do dentally if someone is on anti platelets?
Avoid invasive treatment
Prep for expected bleeding
Give guidance
Associated conditions such as HIV/HEP A
What is Heparin?
Injectable Anti-coagulant
What is Warfarin?
Vitamin K antagonist
What should INR levels be at for dental treatment
2-4
What is a normal INR for non-coagulated patients?
1
What should you do if the INR is over 4?
Inform GP
Delay treatment
If a patient is on warfarin what should they also not take?
NSAIDS
Aspirin
What is considered an unstable INR?
If it has been over 4 in the last 2 months
What 2 drugs increase warfarin activity?
Antibacterials
Hormones
What 2 drugs decrease warfarins activity?
Anti fungals
OC pill
What mg of long term aspirin will a patient be on?
75mg
What are the signs of neutropenia?
Mouth/throat infections
Life threatening infection from oral infection
What to do if someone has neutropenia?
Avoid treatment
Urgent referral
What is leukaemia?
Proliferation of immature cells in the blood/marrow
What is lymphoma?
Proliferation of cells in the lymphatic system (nodes, spleen…)
What are the signs and symptoms of anaemia?
Tired Weak Breathlessness Dizzy Pale Rapid pulse
What is the treatment for anaemia?
Replace the deficiency (Fe, B12, Folate, erythropoetin)
What deficiency will someone have if they have microcytic cells?
Iron
What deficiency will someone have if they have macrocytic cells?
Folate, B12
What 2 tests can you do for coagulation?
INR
APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time)
What is anaemia?
Not enough haemaglobin
Describe RBC production
Raw materials (Fe, folate, B12)
Erythropoetin
production (bone marrow)
Circulation
What is a cause of pernicious anaemia?
B12 deficiency
What is having too little WBCS?
Leukopenia
What is having too many WBCS?
Leukocytosis
What is having too little platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
What are the oral signs of coagulopathies?
Bleeding (spontaneously)
What are the signs of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Bruising
Bleeding
What to avoid if idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Aspirin
NSAIDS
