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CMS > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the signs of Acute leukaemia?

A

Bleeding
Infection
Lymphadenopathy
Anaemia

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2
Q

What are the signs of Chronic leukaemia?

A

Anaemia

Lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

What are the signs of Hodgkens lymphoma?

A 
Weight loss
Anaemia
Itching
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
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4
Q

What are the signs of non-hogkens lymphoma?

A

Lymphadenopathy
Anorexia
Fever

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5
Q

What are the dental signs of mouth haematological malignancies?

A 
Bleeding
Atypical infections (candida, herpes)
Lymphadenopathy
Gingival swelling
Ulcers
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6
Q

If you have a platelet problem (production, deficiency, destruction), what drug do you take?

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

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7
Q

What can you do dentally if someone is on anti platelets?

A

Avoid invasive treatment
Prep for expected bleeding
Give guidance
Associated conditions such as HIV/HEP A

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8
Q

What is Heparin?

A

Injectable Anti-coagulant

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9
Q

What is Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K antagonist

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10
Q

What should INR levels be at for dental treatment

A

2-4

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11
Q

What is a normal INR for non-coagulated patients?

A

1

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12
Q

What should you do if the INR is over 4?

A

Inform GP

Delay treatment

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13
Q

If a patient is on warfarin what should they also not take?

A

NSAIDS

Aspirin

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14
Q

What is considered an unstable INR?

A

If it has been over 4 in the last 2 months

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15
Q

What 2 drugs increase warfarin activity?

A

Antibacterials

Hormones

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16
Q

What 2 drugs decrease warfarins activity?

A

Anti fungals

OC pill

17
Q

What mg of long term aspirin will a patient be on?

A

75mg

18
Q

What are the signs of neutropenia?

A

Mouth/throat infections

Life threatening infection from oral infection

19
Q

What to do if someone has neutropenia?

A

Avoid treatment

Urgent referral

20
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Proliferation of immature cells in the blood/marrow

21
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of cells in the lymphatic system (nodes, spleen…)

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of anaemia?

A 
Tired
Weak
Breathlessness
Dizzy
Pale
Rapid pulse
23
Q

What is the treatment for anaemia?

A

Replace the deficiency (Fe, B12, Folate, erythropoetin)

24
Q

What deficiency will someone have if they have microcytic cells?

A

Iron

25
Q

What deficiency will someone have if they have macrocytic cells?

A

Folate, B12

26
Q

What 2 tests can you do for coagulation?

A

INR

APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time)

27
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Not enough haemaglobin

28
Q

Describe RBC production

A

Raw materials (Fe, folate, B12)
Erythropoetin
production (bone marrow)
Circulation

29
Q

What is a cause of pernicious anaemia?

A

B12 deficiency

30
Q

What is having too little WBCS?

A

Leukopenia

31
Q

What is having too many WBCS?

A

Leukocytosis

32
Q

What is having too little platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

33
Q

What are the oral signs of coagulopathies?

A

Bleeding (spontaneously)

34
Q

What are the signs of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

Bruising

Bleeding

35
Q

What to avoid if idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

Aspirin

NSAIDS

CMS (25 decks)

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