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CMS > Renal medicine > Flashcards

Renal medicine Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the renal system responsible for?

A

Excreting and acid base balance

Excretes acid and makes bicarbonate

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2
Q

What are endocrine functions?

A

Produce erythropoetin
Activates Vitamin D
Controls BP

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3
Q

What does polyuria mean?

A

Lots of urine

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4
Q

What does oliguria mean?

A

Small amounts of urine

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5
Q

What does Anuria mean?

A

No urine output

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6
Q

What does Haematuria mean?

A

RBCs in urine

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7
Q

What does proteinuria mean?

A

Protein in the urine

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8
Q

What does Dysuria mean?

A

Painful or difficult to pass urine

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9
Q

What does uraemia mean?

A

Higher levels of blood and waste in the urine

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10
Q

What does Hyperkalaemia mean?

A

Increased potassium in the urine

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11
Q

What can a urine dipstick show?

A

Abnormal presence of protein, blood, glucose or WBCs in the urine

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12
Q

What is in your electrolytes?

A

K, Urea, Creatine

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13
Q

The Glomerular Filtration rate grades renal impairment- what is it?

A 
Mild = 20-25ml/min
Severe= <10 ml/min
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14
Q

What are some clinical signs of renal failure?

A 
Excretion failure
Odema
Hyperkalaemia (risk of cardiac arrest)
High BP
Decreased immunity
Acidosis (life threatening)
Dangerous drug accumulation
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15
Q

What are some causes of renal failure?

A 
Diabetes
High BP
Cancer
Atherosclerosis
Glomerulonephritis
Hypovlaemia
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16
Q

What drugs can exacerbate pre existing renal disease?

A

NSAIDS
ACE inhibitors
Diureitcs
Tetracyclines

17
Q

what are some clinical signs of ACUTE renal failure?

A

No urine output

Often already diseased kidneys

18
Q

What might be the outcome of acute renal failure?

A

Dialysis
Life threatening
K removal/ Fluid removal

19
Q

What are common causes of CHRONIC renal failure?

A 
Chronic renal infection
Diabetes
Kidney disease
Atherosclerosis
High BP
20
Q

What might be signs of chronic renal disease?

A

Malaise
N & V
Anaemia (lack of erythropoetin)

21
Q

What is the treatment for chronic renal disease?

A 
Immunosuppressants (for glomerulphoritis)
Treat anaemia
Treat obstruction (if there is one)
Dialysis (?)
Correct Vit D deficiency
22
Q

What are the 2 types of renal dialysis can you receive?

A

Haemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

23
Q

What is an advantage of having a renal transplant?

A

No restrictions after

24
Q

What is a disadvantage to a renal transplant?

A

Immunosuppression is increased

Infection or malignancy risk

25
Q

What might be different to tooth eruption in children with renal disease?

A

Slower eruption

26
Q

What might be some oral side effects to renal disease?

A 
Stomatitis
Dry mouth
Taste disturbance
Bleeding risk is higher
Post op infections
27
Q

What is renal osteodystrophy?

A

When lamina dura is lost

Problems with bone healing post extractions

28
Q

When is a patient best treated if they receive dialysis?

A

The day after as the Heparin will have worn off and optimum renal function

CMS (25 decks)

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