Renal medicine Flashcards
What is the renal system responsible for?
Excreting and acid base balance
Excretes acid and makes bicarbonate
What are endocrine functions?
Produce erythropoetin
Activates Vitamin D
Controls BP
What does polyuria mean?
Lots of urine
What does oliguria mean?
Small amounts of urine
What does Anuria mean?
No urine output
What does Haematuria mean?
RBCs in urine
What does proteinuria mean?
Protein in the urine
What does Dysuria mean?
Painful or difficult to pass urine
What does uraemia mean?
Higher levels of blood and waste in the urine
What does Hyperkalaemia mean?
Increased potassium in the urine
What can a urine dipstick show?
Abnormal presence of protein, blood, glucose or WBCs in the urine
What is in your electrolytes?
K, Urea, Creatine
The Glomerular Filtration rate grades renal impairment- what is it?
Mild = 20-25ml/min Severe= <10 ml/min
What are some clinical signs of renal failure?
Excretion failure Odema Hyperkalaemia (risk of cardiac arrest) High BP Decreased immunity Acidosis (life threatening) Dangerous drug accumulation
What are some causes of renal failure?
Diabetes High BP Cancer Atherosclerosis Glomerulonephritis Hypovlaemia
What drugs can exacerbate pre existing renal disease?
NSAIDS
ACE inhibitors
Diureitcs
Tetracyclines
what are some clinical signs of ACUTE renal failure?
No urine output
Often already diseased kidneys
What might be the outcome of acute renal failure?
Dialysis
Life threatening
K removal/ Fluid removal
What are common causes of CHRONIC renal failure?
Chronic renal infection Diabetes Kidney disease Atherosclerosis High BP
What might be signs of chronic renal disease?
Malaise
N & V
Anaemia (lack of erythropoetin)
What is the treatment for chronic renal disease?
Immunosuppressants (for glomerulphoritis) Treat anaemia Treat obstruction (if there is one) Dialysis (?) Correct Vit D deficiency
What are the 2 types of renal dialysis can you receive?
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
What is an advantage of having a renal transplant?
No restrictions after
What is a disadvantage to a renal transplant?
Immunosuppression is increased
Infection or malignancy risk
What might be different to tooth eruption in children with renal disease?
Slower eruption
What might be some oral side effects to renal disease?
Stomatitis Dry mouth Taste disturbance Bleeding risk is higher Post op infections
What is renal osteodystrophy?
When lamina dura is lost
Problems with bone healing post extractions
When is a patient best treated if they receive dialysis?
The day after as the Heparin will have worn off and optimum renal function
