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Diabetes Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Can corticosteroids precipitate hyperglycaemia?

A

YES

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2
Q

Where is insulin made?

A

Islet cells in pancreas

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3
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Metabolic diseased characterised by hyperglycaemia from defects in insulin production/function.

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4
Q

What is the prime reason for Type 1 ?

A

Pancreatic cell destruction

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5
Q

What is the prime reasons for Type 2?

A

Beta cell dysfunction

Insulin resistant

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6
Q

What is insulin resistant?

A

The receptor is not as responsive to the insulin molecule so less glucose enters the cell- build up in blood

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7
Q

As Beta cell function declines, what increased?

A

Blood sugar levels

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Type 2? (4 steps)

A

Diet and exercise
Oral monotherapy
Oral combination
Injection and oral therapy

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9
Q

What is Biguanide?

A

Metformin for Type 2

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10
Q

What is Sulfonylurea?

A

The second option for Type 2 (or if metformin is not suitable)

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11
Q

What is TZD?

A

3rd option for Type 2 drugs

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12
Q

What is HbAIC?

A

Average blood glucose over 6-8 weeks

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13
Q

What should HbAIC be at?

A

4.6% however 6.5-7.5 for diabetics

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14
Q

What is HBGM?

A

Home blood glucose monitoring

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15
Q

What should HBGM be?

A

4-7, but under 10 after meals

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16
Q

What is the normal Ketones rate?

A

<0.6mmol/L

17
Q

What are symptoms and signs of Hyperglycaemia? (5)

A

Tiredness, weight loss, thirst, blurred vision, poor healing

18
Q

If you don’t prevent HYPERglycaemia, what are you at risk of?

A

DKA

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of HYPOglycaemia? (3)

A

Pale, sweating, hunger

20
Q

What are the signs of Neuroglycopenia hypoglycaemia?

A

Confusion, Siezures, Coma

21
Q

What dental aspects can you find from hyperglycaemia?

A 
Dry mouth
Candida
Difficult to manage perio disease
Wound healing is affected
Check if they have eaten before the visit
Prevention
22
Q

What is happening in a hypoglycaemia attack?

A

BS levels below 4

Increase in insulin

23
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia attack?

A 
Rapid onset
Shaking
Confusion
Sweating
Headache
Siezures
24
Q

How to manage a hypoglycaemia attack?

A

If conscious- give glucose and lay flat

If unconscious- give buccal glucose/ glucagon injection/ 999/ ABC

25
Q

What are the 2 types of hyperglycaemic attack?

A

DKA (type 1)

HONK (type 2)

26
Q

How to manage a hyperglycaemic attack?

A

Hospital

CMS (25 decks)

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