Diabetes

Question 1

Can corticosteroids precipitate hyperglycaemia?

Answer 1

YES

Question 2

Where is insulin made?

Answer 2

Islet cells in pancreas

Question 3

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 3

Metabolic diseased characterised by hyperglycaemia from defects in insulin production/function.

Question 4

What is the prime reason for Type 1 ?

Answer 4

Pancreatic cell destruction

Question 5

What is the prime reasons for Type 2?

Answer 5

Beta cell dysfunction

Insulin resistant

Question 6

What is insulin resistant?

Answer 6

The receptor is not as responsive to the insulin molecule so less glucose enters the cell- build up in blood

Question 7

As Beta cell function declines, what increased?

Answer 7

Blood sugar levels

Question 8

What is the treatment for Type 2? (4 steps)

Answer 8

Diet and exercise
Oral monotherapy
Oral combination
Injection and oral therapy

Question 9

What is Biguanide?

Answer 9

Metformin for Type 2

Question 10

What is Sulfonylurea?

Answer 10

The second option for Type 2 (or if metformin is not suitable)

Question 11

What is TZD?

Answer 11

3rd option for Type 2 drugs

Question 12

What is HbAIC?

Answer 12

Average blood glucose over 6-8 weeks

Question 13

What should HbAIC be at?

Answer 13

4.6% however 6.5-7.5 for diabetics

Question 14

What is HBGM?

Answer 14

Home blood glucose monitoring

Question 15

What should HBGM be?

Answer 15

4-7, but under 10 after meals

Question 16

What is the normal Ketones rate?

Answer 16

<0.6mmol/L

Question 17

What are symptoms and signs of Hyperglycaemia? (5)

Answer 17

Tiredness, weight loss, thirst, blurred vision, poor healing

Question 18

If you don’t prevent HYPERglycaemia, what are you at risk of?

Answer 18

DKA

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of HYPOglycaemia? (3)

Answer 19

Pale, sweating, hunger

Question 20

What are the signs of Neuroglycopenia hypoglycaemia?

Answer 20

Confusion, Siezures, Coma

Question 21

What dental aspects can you find from hyperglycaemia?

Answer 21

Dry mouth
Candida
Difficult to manage perio disease
Wound healing is affected
Check if they have eaten before the visit
Prevention

Question 22

What is happening in a hypoglycaemia attack?

Answer 22

BS levels below 4

Increase in insulin

Question 23

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia attack?

Answer 23

Rapid onset
Shaking
Confusion
Sweating
Headache
Siezures

Question 24

How to manage a hypoglycaemia attack?

Answer 24

If conscious- give glucose and lay flat

If unconscious- give buccal glucose/ glucagon injection/ 999/ ABC

Question 25

What are the 2 types of hyperglycaemic attack?

Answer 25

DKA (type 1)

HONK (type 2)

Question 26

How to manage a hyperglycaemic attack?

Answer 26

Hospital