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CMS > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Artery disease caused by fatty material on the inside walls

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2
Q

What is a thrombus formation?

A

Blood clot (occlusion of blood supply) which leads to infarction then death

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3
Q

How to define reduced blood supply to the heart?

A

ischaemia

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4
Q

What are the 5 risk factors to atherosclerosis?

A 
Smoking
High cholesterol
Hypertension (HBP= systolic >160, / diastolic=>90)
Diabetes
Genes
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of acute peripheral vascular disease? (4)

A

Ischaemic pain
Numb limb
Cold
Pain at rest

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6
Q

How to deal with acute atherosclerosis?

A

9999

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7
Q

What the symptoms of chronic peripheral vascular disease?

A

Intermittent claudication- Pain when walking a long distance

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8
Q

Management of atherosclerosis?

A

Lifestyle changes
Exercise
Surgery

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9
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm- what is it?

A

Dilated aorta from atherosclerosis

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10
Q

What is angina?

A

Lack of blood to the heart due to narrowing of conorary arteries

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of angina?

A

Visceral pain

Central chest pain travelling down arm, jaw, shoulders

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12
Q

What drugs may someone be on if they have angina?

A 
GTN spray
Statins for cholesterol
B blockers- Bisoprolol
Amlodipine - CC blocker
Aspirin (+-) clopidogrel
Nicorandil- be careful. Ulceration- taken straight off it
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13
Q

What to do if unstable angina attack?

A

Oxygen, GTN, 999, Letter

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of a heart attack? (5)

A 
Crushing chest pain
Impending doom
LOC
Sweating
Cold
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15
Q

How to manage a heart attack?

A 
Give O2
Nitrates to open the arteries
999
Don't lie flat
ABC if LOC
Aspirin 300mg
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16
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used to treat?

A

High Blood Pressure

17
Q

Why should you avoid NSAIDS?

A

It can cause odeama

18
Q

Unstable heart condition?

A

Avoid treatment

19
Q

What can cause valvular heart disease?

A

Genetics
Infective endocarditis
Age related
(often mitral/aortic valves)

20
Q

What are the 2 types of valvular heart disease?

A
  1. Regurgitation ( floppy valves & leads to leaky heart)

2. Stenosis (narrowing of the valve- leads to inadequate flow and pump failure)

21
Q

Treatment of valvular heart disease?

A

Medication

Surgery (valve replacement/ stent)

22
Q

Once a patient has had a stent what medication might they be on?

A

Warfarin to thin the blood as the blood cannot stick to the stent

23
Q

What is the INR levels for someone with metal valves?

A

Usually >3

24
Q

What is there a risk of if someone has had valvular heart surgery?

A

Infective endocarditis
Even toothbrushing can cause infection
Perfect OH must maintain

25
Q

What is infective endocarditis?

A

Diseased valves due to bacteraemia

26
Q

What are the dental aspects for infective endocarditis?

A

Maintain good OH
Good preventative treatment (fluoride, CHX)
Avoid surgery

27
Q

What is the beats per minute for a heart rate too fast and too slow?

A 
>100 = too fast
<60 = too slow
28
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Nil
Palpitations
Syncope
Chest pain

29
Q

What drugs control atrial fibrillation??

A

Digoxin
Atropine
Anticoagulants if no contra indications

30
Q

When is superventricular tachycardia a worry?

A

With Wolf-parkinson white (cardiac arrest)

Give carotid sinus massage

31
Q

Ventricular arrhythmia?

A

Emergency

32
Q

Ventricular fibrillation?

A

Cardiac arrest

33
Q

With cardiac patients, what La should be used?

A

Prilocaine with octapressin

34
Q

What is Bupropion?

A

Aids smoking cessation

35
Q

What side effects can Bupropion have?

A

Dry mouth

Taste disturbance

36
Q

What are statins used for?

A

High Cholesterol

37
Q

How long after an MI should you not treat someone?

A

Don’t treat till after 1 month post MI

CMS (25 decks)

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