Neurology Flashcards
What is the 1-6 movement of the GCS?
6= Obey command 5= Localise pain (squeeze ridge) 4= Flexion (normal) 3= Flexion (abnormal) 2= Extension 1= none
What is the 1=5 of speech of the GCS?
5= Orientated 4= Confused conversation 3= Words only 2= sounds only 1= none
What is the 1-4 of eye opening of the GCS?
4= Spontaneous 3= to speech 2= to pain 1= none
What is AVPU
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
What are the 3 types of structural damage to the brain?
Stroke from a blood clot/ischemia
Abscess
Tumour (Benign, Primary, Secondary)
What to do if someone has a seizure?
ABCDE Recovery position AVPU GCS O2 BS level Madazolam Hospital
What to exam for impaired consciousness?
ABCDE Identify cause Exam for-Trauma -Rash -BS level SEWS -Jaundice Hypoglycaemia? Hypoxia? Severe infection? Benzo overdose?
If they have OD’d on benzodiazapine what to give them?
Diazapam
What is the difference between focal seizures and general seizures?
Focal: Part of the brain
General: whole brain
What 2 focal seizures can you have?
Simple (shaking)
Complex (Aura, odd behaviour)
What 2 types of general seizure can you have?
Grand mal (LOC, limbs shake) Petit mal (abscence, limbs jerk) (absence in children)
What drugs are common for epilepsy?
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
What are the signs of a cluster headache?(3)
Severe pain around eye
Rapid onset
Less than 60 mins
What are the signs of trigeminal neuralgia?
10/10 pain
What to give if trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazapine
What is the difference between primary and secondary headaches?
Primary is unpleasant
Secondary leads to mortality/disability
What are the red flags for a headache? (6)
Sudden onset Increased intra cranial pressure (V&N) Focal neurology (CNS impairment) Visual changes Impaired consciousness Fever/rash
What are the signs of a tension headache?
Stress
Worse at the end of the day
Symmetrical
What are the signs of a migraine?
Pre headache (aura)
Temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain then excess blood flow
Throbbing nausea headache
What can you take for a migraine?
NSAIDS Serotonin agonists (SUMATRIPTAN)
What falls under global brain failure?
Metabolism
Drugs
Infection
Seizure
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Liver failure
What is uremic encephaolpathy?
Renal failure
What is hypercapnia?
Increased CO2 levels
What is hyponatraemia?
Decreased levels of sodium in the blood
What is encephalitis?
The brain becomes swollen
Viral infection
What is a myoclonic seizure?
Limbs jerking, collapse
What is an Atonic seizure?
Limbs collapse
What are the signs of a cluster headache?
Rapid onset
Less than 60 mins
Severe pain around eye
Blood shot runny nose swelling
What is hydrocephalus?
Build up of fluid in the brain
What bacteria is a cerebral abscess normally?
Staphylococci/Strep
What drug is given immediately if someone has Giant cell Arteritis?
Prednisolone
