Neurology 2 Flashcards
What is focal neurology?
the effect of brain injury
The motor cortex can be effected in focal neurology- what is hemiplegia?
Weekness of limbs, face.. often one sided (right hemiplegia)
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
What is dysarthria?
Difficulty with speech
The sensory cortex may be effected in focal neurology- what might happen?
Loss of sensation- hyperaesthesia/neglect
The speech area may be effected- what area is it referred to?
Broca’s area/ Wernicke’s area.
What is dyspraxia?
Difficulty with activities requiring coordination and movement (sequencing problems)
What is Hemianopia?
Blindness over half the field of vision
What is Ataxia?
Loss of coordination (Intention tremor, cerebellar gait)
What is affected if the cerebellum is damaged?
Ataxia
Dysarthria
The basal ganglia may be injured- what might be a result of this?
Bradykinesia- slowness of action
Tremor
What is a stroke?
Disorder of vascular supply to brain
Infarction can cause a stroke what types of infarction can happen?
TIA- urgent so doesn’t develop into permanent stroke
Completed stroke
A haemorrhage can cause a stroke- what is that?
Bleeding
What is a risk factor for a haemorrhage?
Hypertension
What are the clinical features of a stroke?
Hemiplegia Hemianopia Dysarthia Dysphasia Cognitive impairment Dyspraxia Impaired consciousness? Confusion Seizure
What medication might someone be on if they have suffered a stroke?
Anti platelets- aspirin, clopidogrel
Warfarin if atrial fibrillation
Non warfarin anti coagulants- rivaroxaban
If someone is having swallowing problems- what might they have?
Short term- nasogastric tube
Long term- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Degeneration of basal ganglia
What are clinical features of parkinsons disease?
Bradykinesia (slow movement and reduced movement) Rigidity Tremor Slow speech shuffling gait and falls Mask like face Dysphagia
What medication might someone be on for parkinson’s disease?
Dopaminergic drugs (levadopa)
What is an essential tremor?
High frequency tremor May be unilateral Worse with action It is annoying and embarassing rather than disabling Iroves with alcohol
What medication might someone be on if they have an essential tremor?
B blockers
Primidone
What is MS?
Demyelination
What are the clinical features of MS?
Loss of vision in 1 eye
Ataxia
Weakness
What medication might someone with MS be on?
High dose steroids
B interferon to reduce relapse
Anti spasmodics
What is peripheral neuropathy?
Loss of peripheral nerve function- loss of sensation and power
What is an example of peripheral neuropathy?
Bells palsy- palsy of facial nerve
What is the treatment for someone with Bells palsy?
Steroids within 72 hours
Eye care
Anti viral
