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CMS > Neurology 2 > Flashcards

Neurology 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is focal neurology?

A

the effect of brain injury

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2
Q

The motor cortex can be effected in focal neurology- what is hemiplegia?

A

Weekness of limbs, face.. often one sided (right hemiplegia)

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3
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

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4
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Difficulty with speech

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5
Q

The sensory cortex may be effected in focal neurology- what might happen?

A

Loss of sensation- hyperaesthesia/neglect

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6
Q

The speech area may be effected- what area is it referred to?

A

Broca’s area/ Wernicke’s area.

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7
Q

What is dyspraxia?

A

Difficulty with activities requiring coordination and movement (sequencing problems)

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8
Q

What is Hemianopia?

A

Blindness over half the field of vision

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9
Q

What is Ataxia?

A

Loss of coordination (Intention tremor, cerebellar gait)

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10
Q

What is affected if the cerebellum is damaged?

A

Ataxia

Dysarthria

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11
Q

The basal ganglia may be injured- what might be a result of this?

A

Bradykinesia- slowness of action

Tremor

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12
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Disorder of vascular supply to brain

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13
Q

Infarction can cause a stroke what types of infarction can happen?

A

TIA- urgent so doesn’t develop into permanent stroke

Completed stroke

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14
Q

A haemorrhage can cause a stroke- what is that?

A

Bleeding

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15
Q

What is a risk factor for a haemorrhage?

A

Hypertension

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16
Q

What are the clinical features of a stroke?

A 
Hemiplegia
Hemianopia
Dysarthia
Dysphasia
Cognitive impairment
Dyspraxia 
Impaired consciousness?
Confusion
Seizure
17
Q

What medication might someone be on if they have suffered a stroke?

A

Anti platelets- aspirin, clopidogrel
Warfarin if atrial fibrillation
Non warfarin anti coagulants- rivaroxaban

18
Q

If someone is having swallowing problems- what might they have?

A

Short term- nasogastric tube

Long term- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

19
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneration of basal ganglia

20
Q

What are clinical features of parkinsons disease?

A 
Bradykinesia (slow movement and reduced movement)
Rigidity 
Tremor
Slow speech
shuffling gait and falls
Mask like face
Dysphagia
21
Q

What medication might someone be on for parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopaminergic drugs (levadopa)

22
Q

What is an essential tremor?

A 
High frequency tremor
May be unilateral
Worse with action
It is annoying and embarassing rather than disabling
Iroves with alcohol
23
Q

What medication might someone be on if they have an essential tremor?

A

B blockers

Primidone

24
Q

What is MS?

A

Demyelination

25
Q

What are the clinical features of MS?

A

Loss of vision in 1 eye
Ataxia
Weakness

26
Q

What medication might someone with MS be on?

A

High dose steroids
B interferon to reduce relapse
Anti spasmodics

27
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Loss of peripheral nerve function- loss of sensation and power

28
Q

What is an example of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Bells palsy- palsy of facial nerve

29
Q

What is the treatment for someone with Bells palsy?

A

Steroids within 72 hours
Eye care
Anti viral

CMS (25 decks)

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