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Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

I Ate Ten Eggs At Twelve

A
  • I: IVC
  • Ate: T8
  • Ten: T10
  • Eggs: Esophagus
  • At: aorta
  • Twelve: T12
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2
Q

IRV is

A

Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration

From top of TV all the way up

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3
Q

ERV

A

Amount of air breathed out after passive exhale

From bottom of TV to top of RV

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4
Q

RV is

A

Air in lung after maximal expiration

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5
Q

IC is

A

IRV + TV

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6
Q

FRC is

A

RV + ERV

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7
Q

VC is

A

IRV + TV + ERV

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8
Q

Physiologic dead space equation

A

VT x [PaCO2 - PECO2] / PaCO2

<span><strong>T</strong>aco <strong>Pa</strong>co <strong>Pe</strong>co <strong>Pa</strong>co</span>

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9
Q

Right shift of Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve:

BAT ACE

A

INCREASE IN:

  • BPG
  • Altitude
  • Temperature
  • Acid
  • CO2
  • Exercise
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10
Q

O2 content =

A

(O2 binding capacity x % saturation) + dissolved O2

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11
Q

Perfusion limited gas (3)

A
  1. O2 (Normal health)
  2. CO2
  3. N2O
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12
Q

Diffusion limitied gas (2)

A
  1. O2 (emphysema, fibrosis)
  2. CO
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13
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance =

A

Ppulm artery - PL atrium / CO

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14
Q

Alveolar gas equation =

A

PIo2 - [Paco2 / R]

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15
Q

Haldane effect

A

RBCs release CO2

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16
Q

Bohr effect

A

Unloading of O2

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17
Q

Most common cause of Rhinosinusitis (3)

A
  1. S. pneumonia
  2. H. influenzae
  3. M. catarrhalis
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18
Q

Homan sign is

A

Dorsiflexion of foot causing calf pain in DVT

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19
Q

Obstructive lung diseases (4)

A
  1. Chronic bronchitis
  2. Emphysema
  3. Asthma
  4. Bronchiectasis
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20
Q

Lab results in Obstructive Lung disease

A
  • Increase RV
  • Decrease FVC
  • Drastic decrease in FEV
  • Decrease in FEV/FVC ration (HALLMARK)
21
Q

Restrictive lung disease lab results

A

Decrease in all lung volumes

FEV/FVC ration is normal

22
Q

Types of Restrictive lung diseases (10)

A
  1. ARDS
  2. Hyaline membrane disease
  3. Pneumoconioses
  4. Sarcoidosis
  5. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  6. Goodpasture syndrome
  7. Wegener
  8. Langerhan cell histiocytosis
  9. Hypersensitive pneumonitis
  10. Drug toxicity
23
Q

Drug that can cause Restrictive lung disease (4)

A
  1. Bleomycin
  2. Busulfan
  3. Amiodarone
  4. Methotrexate
24
Q

Caplan syndrome

A

RA and pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

25
Q

What part of lung does asbestos affect

A

Base (lower lobe)

26
Q

Silica and coal affect what part of lung

A

Upper lobes

27
Q

Affect of silicosis on hilar LN

A

Eggshell calcification

28
Q

ARDS caused by (7)

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Sepsis
  3. Shock
  4. Gastric aspiration
  5. Uremia
  6. Acute pancreatitis
  7. Amniotic fluid embolism
29
Q

Primary pulmonary HT due to mutation in

A

BMPR2 gene

30
Q

Lung cancer SPHERE of complications

A
  • Superior vena cava syndrome
  • Pancoast tumor
  • Horner syndrome
  • Endocrine (paraneoplastic)
  • Recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarsness)
  • Effusions (pleural and/or pericardial)
31
Q

Adenocarcinoma mutation

A
  1. k-ras
  2. EGFR
  3. ALK
32
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs histology

A

Keratin pearls and intercellular bridges

33
Q

Kulchitsky cells seen in

A

Small cell carcinoma of lungs

34
Q

Organisms causing lobar pneumonia (3)

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. Legionella (also liver)
  3. Klebsiella
35
Q

Organisms causing bronchopneumonia (4)

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. S. aureus
  3. H. influenzae
  4. Klebsiella
36
Q

Organisms causing interstitial (atypical) pneumonia (4)

A
  1. Viruses
    1. Influenza
    2. RSV
    3. Adenovirus
  2. Mycoplasma
  3. Legionella
  4. Chlamydia
37
Q

What causes transudates (3)

A
  1. CHF
  2. Nephrotic syndrome
  3. Hepatic cirrhosis
38
Q

First generation H1 Blockers (3)

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Dimenhydrinate
  3. Chlorpheniramine
39
Q

1st generation H1 blockers used for (3)

A
  1. Allergy
  2. Motion sickness
  3. Sleep aid
40
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers (4)

A
  1. Loratadine
  2. Fexofenadine
  3. Desloratadine
  4. Cetirizine
41
Q

Dextromethorphan is

A

Synthetic codeine analog (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors)

42
Q

Theophylline is

A

Methylxanthine

43
Q

Theophylline MOA

A

Causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase

Increases cAMPT levels due to decrease cAMP hyrolysis

44
Q

-lukast is

A

Antileukotriene that bocks leukotriene receptors

Good for asprin induced asthma

45
Q

Zileuton is

A

a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

46
Q

Omalizumab is

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

47
Q

Omalizumab MOA

A

Blocks binding to FcεRI

48
Q

Bosentan MOA

A

competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

49
Q

Bosentan used to treat

A

Pulmonary arterial HT

First Aid (16 decks)

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