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Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site of obstruction causing Hydronephrosis in fetus

A

Ureteropelvic junction

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2
Q

POTTER syndrome associated with

A
  1. Pulmonary hypoplasia
  2. Oligohydramnios
  3. Twisted face
  4. Twisted skin
  5. Extremity defects
  6. Renal failure in utero
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3
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kiney is due to

A

Abnormal interaction between ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme

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4
Q

Renal clearance C=

A

UV/P

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5
Q

GFR=

A

Uinulin x V/Pinulin = Cinulin

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6
Q

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) estimated using

A

PAH

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7
Q

Filtration Fraction (FF) =

A

GFR / RPF

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8
Q

Affect of Prostaglandins on Afferent arterioles

A

Dilate

Increase RPF

Increase GFR

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9
Q

Angiotensin 2 affect on Efferent arterioles

A

Constrict

Decrease RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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10
Q

Afferent arteriole constriction causes

A

Decrease RPF

Decrease GFR

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11
Q

Efferent arteriole constriction causes

A

Decrease RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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12
Q

An increase in Plasma protein concentration causes

A

No change of RPF

Decrease GFR

Decrease FF

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13
Q

Decrease in Plasma protein concentration causes

A

no change on RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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14
Q

Hartnup disease is

A

AR deficiency of Neutral Amino Acid (Tryptophan) transporters in PCT

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15
Q

Hartnup disease leads to

A

Pellagra-like:

Dermatitis

Diarrhea

Dementia

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16
Q

Fanconi syndrome is

A

Renal tubular defect that causes reabsorptive defect in PCT

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17
Q

Fanconi syndrome leads to

A
  1. Metabolic acidosis
  2. Wilson
  3. Ischemia
  4. Nephrotoxins
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18
Q

Bartter syndrome is

A

AR renal tubular defect causing reabsorptive defect in TAL

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19
Q

Bartter syndrome leads to (3)

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Metabolic alkalosis
  3. Hypercalciuria
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20
Q

Gitelman syndrome is

A

AR renal tubular defect causing reabsorptive defect of NaCl in DCT

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21
Q

Gitelman syndrome leads to

A

Hypokalemia

Metabolic alkalosis

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22
Q

Liddle syndrome is

A

AD renal tubular defect causing an increased Na reabsorption in Distal and CT

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23
Q

Liddle syndrome leads to (4)

A
  1. HT
  2. Hypokalemia
  3. Metabolic alkalosis
  4. Decrease aldosterone
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24
Q

FABulous Glittering Liquid

A
  • FAnconi: PCT
  • Bartter: TAL AR
  • Gitelman: DCT AR
  • Liddle: CT AD
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25
Q

What shifts K out of cell causing Hyperkalemia

DO Insulin LAβ

A
  • Digitalis
  • HyperOsmolarity
  • Insulin
  • Lysis of cells
  • Acidosis
  • β-adrenergic antagonist
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26
Q

Low serum Na cuases (4)

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Malaise
  3. Stupor
  4. Coma
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27
Q

High serum Na causes (3)

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Stupor
  3. Coma
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28
Q

Low serum K causes (4)

A
  1. U wave on EKG
  2. Flattened T wave
  3. Arrhythmia
  4. Muscle weakness
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29
Q

High serum K causes (4)

A
  1. Wide QRS
  2. Peaked T wave
  3. Arrhythmia
  4. Muscle weakness
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30
Q

Low serum Ca causes (3)

A
  1. Tetany
  2. Seizures
  3. QT prolongation
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31
Q

High serum Ca causes (4)

A
  1. Stones
  2. Bone pains
  3. Abdominal pain
  4. Anxiety, altered mental status
32
Q

Low serum Mg causes (2)

A
  1. Tetany
  2. Torsades de pointes
33
Q

High serum Mg causes (6)

A
  1. Decrease DTR
  2. Lethargy
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Hypotension
  5. Cardiac arrest
  6. Hypocalcemia
34
Q

MUDPILES causes anion gab metabolic acidosis

A
  • Methanol
  • Uremia
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Propylene glycol
  • Isoniazid/Iron
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Saliciate/Sepsis
35
Q

HARD-ASS causes nonanion gap Metabolic acidosis

A
  • Hypercholerima
  • Addison disease
  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Diarrhea
  • Acetozolamide
  • Spironolactone
  • Saline infusion
36
Q

FSGN LM

A

Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

37
Q

FSGN EM

A

Effacement of foot process similar to Minimal change

38
Q

FSGN associated with (3)

A
  1. HIV
  2. Sickle cell
  3. Heroin abuse
39
Q

Membranous GN LM

A

Diffuse capillary and GBM thickening

40
Q

Membranous GN IF

A

Granular as a result of immune complex deposition

41
Q

Nephrotic presentation of SLE presents as

A

Membranous GN

42
Q

Membranous GN EM

A

Spike and dome with Subepithelial deposits

43
Q

Membranous GN associated with (3)

A
  1. SLD
  2. AB to phospholipase A2
  3. Tumors
44
Q

Amyloidosis LM

A

Congo red stains with apple-green birefringence

45
Q

MPGN1 IF

A

Subendothelial immune complex deposits with Granular IF

46
Q

MPGN1 EM

A

Tram-track appearance

47
Q

MPGN1 associated with

48
Q

MPGN2 Presents

A

Intramembranouse IC deposits

Dense deposits

49
Q

PSGN LM

A

Glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular

50
Q

PSGN IF

A
  1. Starry sky granular appearance
  2. Lumpy bumpy due to IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition
51
Q

PSGN EM

A

Subepithelial immune complex

52
Q

PSGN associated with

A

Group A streptococcal infextion

53
Q

Diffuse proliferative GN LM

A

Wire looping of capillaries

54
Q

Diffuse proliferative GN EM

A

Sebendothelial and intramembranous IgG

55
Q

Diffuse proliferative GN IF

56
Q

Berger disease seen in

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

57
Q

RCC originates from

58
Q

RCC manifests clinically with (6)

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. Palpable mass
  3. secondary Polycythemia
  4. Flank pain
  5. Fever
  6. Weight loss
59
Q

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) WAGR

A
  • Wilms tumor
  • Aniridia
  • Genitourinary malformation
  • Retardation
60
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma of Bladder is

Pee SAC

A
  • Phenacetin
  • Smoking
  • Aniline dyes
  • Cyclophosphamide
61
Q

Acute pyelonephritis presents with (5)

A
  1. Dysuria
  2. Fever
  3. Costovertebral angle tenderness
  4. Nausea
  5. Vomiting
62
Q

Thyroidization of kidney seen in

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

63
Q

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is

A

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis

64
Q

Key findings of ATN

A

Granular (muddy brown) casts

65
Q

3 phases of ATN

A
  1. Inciting event
  2. Maintenance phase
    1. Oliguric lasts 1-3 wks
    2. Risk of Hyperkalemia
    3. Metabolic acidosis
  3. Recovery phase
    1. Polyuric
    2. BUN and serum creatinine fall
    3. Hypokalemia
66
Q

What causes nephrotoxic ATN (6)

A
  1. MG
  2. Radiocontrast agents
  3. Lead
  4. Cisplatin
  5. Crush injury (myoglobinuria)
  6. Hemoglobinuria
67
Q

Renal Papillary necrosis associated with (4)

A
  1. DM
  2. Acute pyelonephritis
  3. Chronic phenacetin use
  4. Sickle cell anemia and trait
68
Q

Consequence of renal failure

MAD HUNGER

A
  1. Metabolic Acidosis
  2. Dyslipidemia
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Uremia
  5. Na and water retention
  6. Growth retardation
  7. EPO faiulre causing anemia
  8. Renal osteodystrophy
69
Q

Acetazolamide MOA

A

CA-inhibitor

Decrease total-body bicarb stores

70
Q

Acetazolamide used for (5)

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. Urinary alkalinization
  3. Metabolic alkalosis
  4. Altitude sickness
  5. Pseduotumore cerebri
71
Q

Acetazolamide toxicity (3)

A
  1. Hypercholermic metabolic acidosis
  2. Paresthesias
  3. Sulfa allergy
72
Q

Furosemide MA (4)

A
  1. Loop diuretic
  2. Inhibits cotransport system (Na/K/2 Cl) of TAL
  3. Stimulates PGE release
  4. Increase Ca excretion
73
Q

Furosemide used for (3)

A
  1. Edematous state
  2. HT
  3. HyperCa
74
Q

Furosemide toxicity OH DANG

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Hypokalemia
  • Dehydration
  • Allergy (SULFA)
  • Nephritis (INTERSTITIAL)
  • Gout
75
Q

Ethacrynic acid is

A

Loop diuretic that is NOT a sulfonamide

76
Q

Thiazide clinical use (5)

A
  1. HT
  2. CHF
  3. Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
  4. Nephrogenic DI
  5. Osteoporosis
77
Q

Thiazide Toxicity (7)

A
  1. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Hyperglycemia
  4. Hyperlipidiemia
  5. Hyperuricemia
  6. Hypercalcemia
  7. Sulfa allergy

First Aid (16 decks)

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