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GI Flashcards

1
Q

Annular pancreas is due to

A

Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally circles 2nd part of duodenum

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2
Q

Pancreas divisum is due to

A

Ventral and doral parts fail to fuse at 8wks

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3
Q

SAD PUCKER are retroperitoneal structures

A
  1. Suprarena gland
  2. Aorta and IVC
  3. Duodenum (2nd through 4th part)
  4. Pancrease (except the tail)
  5. Ureter
  6. Colon (Descending and Ascending)
  7. Kidneys
  8. Esophagus (Lower 2/3)
  9. Rectum
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4
Q

Gastrohepatic ligament contains

A

Gastic arteries

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5
Q

Gastrocolic ligament contains

A

Gastroepiploic arteries

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6
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament contains

A

Short gastric

Left gastroepiploic

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7
Q

In the Femoral regioin, NAVEL from Lateral to Medial

A
  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Vein
  • Empty
  • Lymphatics
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8
Q

Indirect inguinal hermia

A
  • Goes through the internal (deep) inguinal ring, into the scrotum
  • Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
  • Occurs in infants due to failure of processus vaginalis to close
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9
Q

Direct inguinal hermia

A
  • Through inguinal (Hesselbach) triangle abd buldges directly through abdominal wall
  • Medial to inferior epigastric artery
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10
Q

Parietal cells and chief cells found in

A

Body of stomach

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11
Q

D cells, G cells, and Mucous cells found in

A

Antrum of Stomach

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12
Q

I cells, S cells, and K cells found in

A

Duodenum

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13
Q

Esophagitis associated with

A
  1. Candida (white pseudomembrane)
  2. HSV-1 (punched-out ulcers)
  3. CMV (linear ulcer)
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14
Q

Acute gastritis is caused by (6)

A
  1. Stress
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Alcohol
  4. Uremia
  5. Burns (Curling ulcer)
  6. Brain injusry (Cushings ulcer: increase vagal stimulation)
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15
Q

Ménétrier disease is

A

Gastric hypertophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increase mucous cells

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16
Q

Whipple disease findings

A

PAS+ foamy macrophages

17
Q

Whipple disease presentations

A
  1. Cardiac symptoms
  2. Arthralgias
  3. Neurologic symptoms
18
Q

Celiac sprue primarly affect

A

Distal duodenum and/or proximal jejunum

19
Q

Celiac sprue associated with

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

20
Q

Zenker diverticulum located

A

at Killian triangle between the thyropharyngeal and circopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

21
Q

Hirschsprung associated with

A

RET gene mutation

Down’s syndrome

22
Q

What serum marker is decreased in Wilson disease

A

Ceruloplasmin

23
Q

Where are Mallory bodies seen

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

25
Q

Copper is Hella BAD in Wilson disease (11)

A
  1. Ceruloplasmin decreased
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Corneal deposits
  4. Copper accumulation
  5. Carcinoma
  6. Hemolytic anemia
  7. Basal ganglia degeneration leading to Parkisonian like
  8. Asterixis
  9. Dementia
  10. Dyskinesia
  11. Dysarthria
26
Q

Hemochromatosis Can Cause Deposits

A

Cirrhosis

CHF

DM

27
Q

-tidines are

A

H2 blockers

28
Q

-tidines used for

A
  1. Peptic ulcer
  2. Gastritis
  3. Mild esophageal reflux
29
Q

-prazoles are

A

Proton pump inhibitors

30
Q

-prazole clinical use

A
  1. Peptic ulcer
  2. Gastritis
  3. Esophagel reflux
  4. Zollinger-Ellison
31
Q

Bismuth mechanism of action

A

Bind to ulcer base and provides physical protection and allowing bicarb secretion to reestablish pH gradient

32
Q

Sucralfate mechanism of action

A

Bind to ulcer base and provides physical protection and allowing bicarb secretion to reestablish pH gradient

33
Q

Misoprostol mechanism of action

A

PGE1 analog that increases production and secretion of gastic mucous barrier

34
Q

Misoprostol toxicity

A

Contraindicated in whomen of childbearing potential because it is abortifacient

35
Q

Octreotide mechanism of action

A

Long-acting somatostatin analog

36
Q

Infliximab is

A

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-α

37
Q

Infliximab used for (5)

A
  1. Crohn
  2. UC
  3. RA
  4. Ankylosing spondylitis
  5. Psoriasis
38
Q

Ondansetron is

A

5-HT3 antagonist causing decreased vagal stimulation

39
Q

Metoclopramide is

A

D2 receptor antagonist increasing resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility

First Aid (16 decks)

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