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First Aid > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Overall affect of Insulin (7)

A
  1. Increase glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue
  2. Increase glycogen sythesis and storage
  3. Increase TG synthesis
  4. Increase Na retention by kidneys
  5. Increase protein syntheis
  6. Increase cellular uptake of K and AA
  7. Decrease glucagon release
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2
Q

Function of Prolactin

A

Stimulates Milk production

Inhibts ovulation

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3
Q

Cortisol funciton is a BIG FIB

A
  • Blood Pressure increased
  • Insulin resistance increased
  • Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis increased
  • Fibroblast activity decreased (causes striae**)
  • Inflammatory and Immune responses decreased
  • Bone function decreases
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4
Q

What are common causes of Decreased Mg causing an Increase in PTH

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. AG
  3. Diuretics
  4. Alcohol abuse
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5
Q

Hormones that use cAMP

FLAT ChAMP

A
  • FSH
  • LH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • CRH
  • hCG
  • ADH (V2)
  • MSH
  • PTH
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6
Q

Hormones that use IP3

GOAT HAG

A
  • GnRH
  • Oxytocin
  • ADH (V1)
  • TRH
  • Histamine (H1)
  • ATN 2
  • Gastrin
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7
Q

Hormones that use Steroid receptors

VETTT CAP

A
  • Vit D
  • Estrogen
  • Testosterone
  • T3/T4
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone
  • Progesterone
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8
Q

T3 function

4 B’s

A

Brain maturation

Bone growth

β-adrenergic

BMR increased

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9
Q

Wolff-Chiakoff effect

A

Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase causing a decrease in T3/T4

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10
Q

T4 converted to T3 via

A

5’-deiodinase in peripheral tissues

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11
Q

What inhibites both Peroxidase and 5’-deiodinase

A

PTU

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12
Q

Methimazole inhibits

A

Peroxidase

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13
Q

Cushing syndrome is an

A

Increase in Cortisol

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14
Q

Cushing syndrome findings (10)

A
  1. HT
  2. Weight game
  3. moon face
  4. Truncal obesity
  5. Buffalo hump
  6. Hyperglycemia
  7. Skin thinning and striae
  8. Osteoporosis
  9. Amenorrhea
  10. Immune suppression
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15
Q

Conn syndrome is

A

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

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16
Q

Addison disease is

A

Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal atrophy or destruction

Involves all 3 cortical divisions sparing medulla

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17
Q

Most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children is

A

Neuroblastoma

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18
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults is

A

Pheochromocytoma

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19
Q

Pheochromocytoma derived from

A

Chromaffin cells

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20
Q

Pheochromocytoma associated with

A

VHL

RCC

MEN 2A and 2B

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21
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hypothyroidism (8)

A
  1. Cold intolerance (decrease heat production)
  2. Weight gain with decreased appetite
  3. Hypoactivity, lethargy, fatigue, weakness
  4. Constipation
  5. Decrease reflexes
  6. Myxedema (facial/preorbital)
  7. Dry, cool skin with coarse brittle hair
  8. Bradycardia
22
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism (8)

A
  1. Heat intolerance (increase heat production)
  2. Weight loss with increased appetite
  3. Hyperactivity
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Increased reflexes
  6. Pretibial myxedema (GRAVES)
  7. Warm, moist skin with fine hair
  8. Chest pain, palpatations, arrhythmia
23
Q

Hürthle cells seen in

A

Hashimotos

24
Q

Hashimoto HLA

A

DR5

25
Q

6 P’s of Cretinism (Congenital hypothyroidism)

A
  1. Pot-bellied
  2. Pale
  3. Puffy-faced child
  4. Protruding umbilicus
  5. Protuberant tonge
  6. Poor brain
26
Q

Treat Thyroid storm in Graves with 3 P’s

A
  1. Propranolol
  2. PTU
  3. Prednisolone
27
Q

What is seen in Papillary Carcionoma of Thyroid

A

Orphan Annie eyed nucleus

Psammoma bodies

Nuclear

28
Q

Amyloid stroma seen in what thype of Thyroid cancer

A

Medullary

29
Q

Treatment ofr Acromegaly

A

Octreotide (somatostatin)

Pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

30
Q

What reflects average blood glucose over prior 3 months

A

HbA1c

31
Q

Rapid acting Insulin do not LAG

A

Lispro

Aspart

Glulisine

32
Q

Long acting insulin are

A

Glargine

Detemir

33
Q

Metformin is oral, first-line thearpy in

A

Type 2 DM

34
Q

Metformin contraindicated

A

in renal failure b/c Causes lactic acidosis

35
Q

Sulfonylureas MOA

A
  • Close K channel in β-cell membrane causes cell to depolarize
  • Depolarization tirggers insulin release via increase Ca influx
36
Q

First generation Sulfonylureas

A

Tobutamide

Chlorpropamide

37
Q

Second generation Sulfonylureas

A

Glyburide

Glimepiride

Glipizide

38
Q

First generation Sulfonylureas toxicity

A

Disulfiram

39
Q

Second generation sulfonylureas toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia

40
Q

-glitazone MOA

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by bingin to PPAR-γ nuclear transcription regulator

41
Q

-glitazone toxicity

A

Weight gain

Edema

Hepatotoxicity

HF

42
Q

Acarbose is

A

α-glucosidase inhibitor delaying sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption

43
Q

Pramlintide is

A

Amylin analog causing decreased glastic emptying and decrease glucagon

44
Q

GLP-1 analogs are

A

Exenatide

Liraglutide

45
Q

Action of GLP-1 analogs

A

Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release

46
Q

GLP-1 analogs toxicity

A

Pancreatitis

47
Q

-Gliptins are

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

Increases Insulin and decreases glucagon release

48
Q

Octreotide is

A

Somatostatin analog

49
Q

DDAVP is

A

ADH analog

50
Q

Demeclocyline is

A

ADH antagonist

First Aid (16 decks)

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