Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Elliot Step 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

These two structures extend to end of bronchi?

A

Cartilage and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of cells in terminal bronchiole?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Smooth muscle of the airway wall stops at?

A

Terminal bronchiole

Smooth muscles helps sweep mucous out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Respiratory zone of lung contains what type of cells?

A

cuboidal cells in respiratory bronchioles and then squamous cells up to alveoli– NO CILIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These cells secrete surfactant?

A

Lamellar bodies of type 2 pneumocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 ways to increase surfactant of fetus? dec?

A

Corticosteroids or thyroxine inc surfactant. Insulin decreases surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are clara cells?

A

nonciliated columnar cells with secretory granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Relation of pulmonary artery to bronchus at each lung?

A

RALS– right anterior; Left superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure that perforates diaphragm at T8, T10, and T10?

A

I ate ten eggs at twelve (IVC8; Esophagus10; Aorta12– also thoracic duct and azygos vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inspiratory muscles during exercise?

A

External intercostals, Scalene, Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Expiratory muscles?

A

Rectur abdonimin, internal and external obliques; transversus abdominis, internal intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physiologic dead space equations? (ventilation but no perfusion)

A

Vd= Vt X ((PaCO2- PECO2)/PaCO2) Taco, Paco, Peco Paco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cyanide poisoning treatment? and MOA?

A

Nitrites to oxidize Hb to methemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of methemoglobin?

A

Methylene blue– treat met with methylene blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should be used to get rid of cyanide methemoglobin complex?

A

thisulfate– forms thiocyanate and is renally excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cherry red blood?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does carbon monoxide effect the dissociation curve?

A

Shifts curve to left, but limits oxygen carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diffusion limited disorders?

A

CO, emphysema, fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Histology findings in pulmonary hypertension?

A

Plexiform lesions; intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Don’t forget about hypoxic vasoconstriction and its causes

A

Don’t forget about hypoxic vasoconstriction and its causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calculate A-a gradient

A

PAo2= PIo2- (paCO2/R)—

150-(PaCo2/R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Oxygenation of Hb promotes dissociation of?

A

H+ from Hb; shifting equilibrium towards CO2 formation and CO2 release from RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patient presents with hypoxemia, delirium, and petechial rash. He broke his femus 2 days ago—?

A

Fat emboli– associated with bone fractures and liposuction

Remember petechial RASH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Amniotic fluid emboli can lead to?

A

DIC– perhaps due to anaphylactic reaction to fetal antigens

25
Q

Patient presents with actue onset of dyspnea, cyanosis, respiratory acidosishypotension and bleeding after giving birth–?

A

Amniotic fluid embolus– bleeding is due to DIC

26
Q

Histology of asthma?

A

Basement membrane thickening; smooth muscle hypertrophy; airway inflammation; mucous plugging; charcot leyden crystals (breakdown of eosinophils); curschmanns spirals (shed epithelium forms mucus plugs)

27
Q

what are charcot leyden crystals?

A

Breakdown of eosinophils in asthma

28
Q

Commonly associated with bronchiectasis?

A

Smoking, CF, Kartageners, allergic bronchipulmonary aspergillosis (45 degree angle)

29
Q

2 causes of pulmonary edema caused by increased hydrostatic pressure?

A

Left sided heart failure; and mitral stenosis

30
Q

2 causes of pulmonary edema caused by decrease oncotic pressure?

A

Nephrotic syndrome and Cirrhosis

31
Q

Restrictive lung diseases with normal A-a gradients?

A

Polio, myasthenia= Muscular dysfunction

Scoliosis, morbid obesity= Structural

32
Q

Honeycombing of lung?

A

Interstitial fibrosis

33
Q

Drugs that cause interstitial lung disease?

A

Busulfan; methotrexate; amiodarone; bleo

34
Q

Black lung?

A

Anthracosis

35
Q

Pathophys of silicosis?

A

Macrophages respond to silica by release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis. Silica may disrupt phagolysososmes and impair macrophage–>increase susceptibility to TB

36
Q

Increases susceptibility to TB?

A

silicosis

37
Q

Egg shell calcification?

A

Silicosis

38
Q

Ivory white calcified pleural plaque?

A

asbestos– affects lower lobes

39
Q

Most common pulmonary lesions in asbestosis?

A

pleural plaque

40
Q

Lobes of lung for silicosis and asbestosis?

A

Silicosis upper; Asbestosis lower

41
Q

Pathophys of ARDS?

A

Acute damage–>macrophages release cytokines–>attract neutrophils–>neutrophils damage type I and type II pneumocytes–>decrease in surfactant–>atelectasis

42
Q

White out on chest Xray?

A

ARDS

43
Q

Blood gases in sleep apnea?

A

Respiratory acidosis

44
Q

Causes of central sleep apnea?

A

Narcotics; renal failure; high altitude; heart failure (remember hypoxic vasoconstriction)

45
Q

Decreased breath sounds; dullnees to percussion; decreased fremitus; tracheal deviation towards side of lesion?

A

Atelectasis (if not tracheal deviation than pleural effusion)

46
Q

Golden brown fusiform rods dumbbell shaped?

A

Asbestos bodies

47
Q

Therapeutic supplemental O2 can result in xxxxx and xxxx in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Retinopathy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

48
Q

defect in BMPR2 leads to? Pathogenesis?

A

Primary pulmonary hypertension

BMPR2 normall functions to inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation

49
Q

Most common lung cancer in nonsmokers and overall?

A

Adenocarcinoma

50
Q

Cancer associated with clubbing

A

Adenocarcinoma (hypertropic osteoarthropathy)

51
Q

Cancer that grows along alveolar septa?

A

Bronchioalveolar subtype of adenocarcinoma– great prognosis

52
Q

Keratin pearls with intercellular bridges lung cancer?

A

Squamous

53
Q

Cavitation lesions cancer?

A

Squamous cell

54
Q

Lung cancer that causes hypercalcemia?

A

squamous cell

55
Q

Tumor may produce ADH or ACTH?

A

Small cell

56
Q

Difficulty climbing stairs and rising from seated position– cancer?

A

Small cell

57
Q

Dark blue cells lung cancer?

A

Small cell

58
Q

Psammoma bodies lung cancer?

A

Mesothelioma– malignancy of pleura results in hemorrhagic pleural effusions and pleural thickening

59
Q

Cold agglutinins; dry cough, arthralgias?

A

Atypical pneumonia

Elliot Step 1 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions