Random 2 Flashcards
MCC tumor of adrenal medulla in children?
Neuroblastoma
Anterior pit derived from?
Post pit derived from
ant=rathkes pouch– oral ectoderm
Post=neuroectoderm
Insulin dependent channel?
glut 4– adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
hormone that stimulates prolactin release?
TRH
17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency– what will XX phenotype look like?
Externally phenotypic female with normal internal sex organs, lacks secondary sexual characteristics
17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency– what will XY phenotype show?
ambiguous genitalia; undescended testes
How does cortisol maintain blood pressure?
Increases alpha 1 receptors on arterioles–>inc sensitivity to NE and Epi
IP3 signaling pathway?
GGOAT GnRH; GHRH; Oxytocin; ADh, TRH
Vit D and aldosterone signaling pathway?
Steroid receptor
Thyroid hormone leads to increase of this receptor?
Beta One receptor in heart
Increases beta one receptor in heart?/
TH
Describe negative feedback of T3
feeds back on anterior pituitary to decrease its sensitivity to TRH
3 things that increase thryoid binding globulin?
Pregnancy, OCP (sort of the same thing) and Hepatic failure
Elevated HVA; tumor
Neuroblastoma
Myxedema vs pretibial myxedema
facial/periorbital myxedema is HYPOTHYROIDISM
histology of hashimotos
Lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal centers– CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
HLA DR 5?
Hashimotos– 5 dollars for chinese chicken
Protuberant tongue; portruding umbilicus
cretinism
Riedels thryoditis– thyroid replaced by?
fibrous tissue
thyroid cancer– capsular infiltration?
follicular carcinoma
sheets of cells in amyloid stroma
Medullary carcinoma
What will you see in urine in primary hyperparathyroidism?
cAMP– blood will show high alk phos
Kidney stones, many fractures, constipation, psych shit
primary hyperparathyroidism
Hight PTH; hypocalcemia; shortened 4th and 5th digits; short stature
pseudohypoparathyroidism
two treatments for pituitary adenoma
cabergoline and bromocriptine
3 drugs to treat nephrogenic DI?
HCTZ; indomethacin; amiloride
empty sella syndrome is common in?
obese women
HLA dr3 and dr4
type 1 diabetes mellitus
difference in histology of dm1 and dm2
dm1=leukocytic infiltrate
dm2=amyloid deposit
describe rhizopus
Broad, nonseptae hyphae– branch at 90 angles
carcinoid syndrome can result in which vitamin deficiency?
Niacin– remember that niacin is derived from tryptophan and carcinoid syndrome has increased serotonin which is also derived from tryptophan–>dec in tryptophan–>dec in niacin which can cause pellagra
MEN1 often present with?
kidney stones and stmoach cancers
DDX for disulfiram like effects?
Sulfonylureas; metronidazole; griseofulvin
How do DPP-4 inhibitors work?
GLP1 is inactivated by DPP4 (DPP4= gliptins)
glp1 analogs= exenatide and liraglutide
Steroid receptor pathway
VETTT CAP
Vitamin D; estrogen; T3 T4; testosterone; cortisol; aldosterone progesterone
Post pituitary derived from?
Neural tube (ectoderm)
GI tract derived from?
CV derived from?
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Besides ataxia and telangiectasia– what else can be seen in an AT patient
humoral and cellular immune dysfunction
this murmur is heard best with the patient leaning forward
Aortic regurg
Daytime and nighttime treatment for narcolepsy?
Modafinil and amphetamines during day
Sodium oxybate at night
Target cells?
HALT!!!!! HbC, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemi
Basophilic stippling/
TAiL
Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, lead poisoning
Crew cut appearance on xray?
Beta thal major
Defect in sideroblastic anemia?
ALA synthase – can be caused by alcohol lead and isoniazid– treat with pyridoxine!!!
Treat sideroblastic anemia with?
pyridoxine
