respiratory

Question 1

surfactant secreting cells

Answer 1

Type II pneumocytes(cuboidal)

Question 2

foreign body lung

Answer 2

right inferior lobe

Question 3

methemoglobin

Answer 3

Fe3+(cyanide binding), Tx-methylene blue

Question 4

pulmonary HTN pressure

Answer 4

> 25mmHg

Question 5

primary pulmonary HTN gene

Answer 5

BMPR2(vascular smooth muscle proliferation)

Question 6

virchows triad

Answer 6

stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage

Question 7

postpartum DIC

Answer 7

amniotic fluid embolism

Question 8

fat embolism triad

Answer 8

hypoxemia, neuro, petechial rash

Question 9

pre-death thrombus pathology

Answer 9

lines of zahn

Question 10

low FEV/FVC ratio

Answer 10

obstructive lung disease(emphysema/bronchitis/asthma)

Question 11

A1AT emphysema pathology

Answer 11

panacinar(smoking=centriacinar)

Question 12

asthma pathology

Answer 12

curschmann spirals, charcot-leyden crystals

Question 13

anthrax, silicon & asbestos lobes

Answer 13

anthrax&silicon-upper, asbestos-lower

Question 14

trachial deviation causes

Answer 14

towards-atelectasis&pneumothorax, away-tension pneumo

Question 15

adenocarcinoma gene

Answer 15

k-ras(most common in nonsmokers)

Question 16

nasal polyps associations

Answer 16

cystic fibrosis, ASA-resistant asthma

Question 17

nasopharyngeal carcinoma association

Answer 17

EBV(african kids chinese adults)

Question 18

laryngeal papilloma association

Answer 18

HPV 6&11

Question 19

atypical pneumonia pathology

Answer 19

interstitial(viral)

Question 20

most common secondary pneumonia

Answer 20

staph aureus

Question 21

lobar pneumonia causes

Answer 21

strep p, klebsiella

Question 22

silver stain bug

Answer 22

legionella

Question 23

aspiration pneumonia bugs

Answer 23

bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptococcus (right lower lobe)

Question 24

primary TB

Answer 24

Ghon(calcified complex) lower lobe +hilar lymph nodes, asymptomatic

Question 25

secondary TB

Answer 25

apex+symptoms

Question 26

cytokine inducing fibrosis

Answer 26

tgf-beta

Question 27

coal pneumoconiosis association

Answer 27

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

plexiform lesions

Answer 28

long term pulmonary HTN

Question 29

ARDS pathology

Answer 29

hyaline membrane, leaked protein

Question 30

surfactant neonatal screening

Answer 30

Lecithin/sphingomyelin >2

Question 31

lung cancer Tx

Answer 31

small cell=chemo, non=surgery

Question 32

small cell cancer association

Answer 32

ADH, ACTH, Lambert Eaton

Question 33

squamous cell cancer association

Answer 33

PTHrP

Question 34

carcinoid test

Answer 34

chromogranin+(neuroendocrine)

Question 35

reid index >50%

Answer 35

bronchitis(excess mucous glands)

Question 36

A1AT allele

Answer 36

piZ=dysfunctional

Question 37

A1AT breathing

Answer 37

pursed lips(pink puffer)

Question 38

asthma associated cytokines

Answer 38

TH2- IL4(IgE),5(eosinophils),10(inhibit TH1)

Question 39

kartageners defect

Answer 39

dynein arm of cilia

Question 40

asthma challenge test

Answer 40

methacholine(muscarinic agonist)

Question 41

1st line for chronic asthma

Answer 41

corticosteroids(inactivate NF-kB, decrease TNFa)

Question 42

acute asthma Tx

Answer 42

albuterol(beta2agonisy)

Question 43

COPD Tx

Answer 43

tiotropium(muscarinic antagonist)

Question 44

aspirin induced asthma Tx

Answer 44

antileukotrienes(montelukast, zafirlukast)