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Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site of fetal obstruction

A

ureteropelvic junction

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2
Q

potters syndrome cause (limb/facial/pulmonary hypoplasia)

A

oligohydramnios

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3
Q

horseshoe kidney association

A

turner syndrome(under IMA)

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4
Q

clearance equation

A

UV/P

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5
Q

RBF equation

A

RPF/(1-Hct)

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6
Q

angiotensin II sites of action

A

efferent arteriole, ADH, NA-H exchange PCT(contraction alkalosis), AT1 vascular SM, aldosterone, hypothalamus

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7
Q

glucose clearance threshold

A

140

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8
Q

RAAS system sensors

A

JG cells=BP, macula densa=Na delivery

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9
Q

ANP mechanism

A

sense atrial pressure, relaxes SM via cGMP, Na loss

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10
Q

NSAIDs renal failure mechanism

A

inhibit prostaglandins that dilate afferent arteriole

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11
Q

anion gap

A

Na-(Cl+HCO3)>12, MUDPILES(normal=HARDASS)

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12
Q

fatty casts in urine

A

nephrotic syndrome

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13
Q

brown casts

A

tubular necrosis

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14
Q

waxy casts

A

chronic/advanced renal disease

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15
Q

nephrotic

A

proteinuria(>3.5), edema, fatty casts, hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

acetazolamide (CA inhibitor) use

A

altitude sickness/alkalosis/glaucoma

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17
Q

loop(furosemide/ethacrynic acid) toxicity

A

oto, low K, gout

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18
Q

thiazide MOA

A

Block DCT NaCl symporter

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19
Q

thiazide toxicity

A

hyperlipid/Ca/uric/glucose, low Na

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20
Q

Angiotensin II SE+mediator

A

dry cough& angioedema-bradykinin

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21
Q

polycystic kidney disease associations

A

hepatic fibrosis(autoRecessive), berry anyeurism(autoD)

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22
Q

Acute renal failure hallmark

A

azotemia, oliguria

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23
Q

BUN:Cr>15

A

pre& early post renal

24
Q

BUN:Cr<15

A

tubular damage(late postrenal)

25
Q

common renal tubular damage drugs

A

aminoglycosides, heavy metal, myoglobin, ethylene glycol

26
Q

minimal change disease association

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma(cytokines)

27
Q

minimal change disease pathology

A

effaced foot processes, selective proteinuria(not IG)

28
Q

Focal segmental glomerulonephritis associations

A

HIV, heroin, sickle cell(nonresponsive to steroids MCD)

29
Q

membranous associations

A

SLE, hepB&C, tumors, drugs

30
Q

membranous pathology

A

subepithelial IC deposition-granular/spike and dome

31
Q

membranoproliferative pathology

A

tram track(type I-subendothelial-hepB&C, II-basement membrane-C3 nephritic factor)

32
Q

DM kidney pathology

A

NEglycosylation of basement membrane, hyaline arteriolosclerosis, kimmelstein wilson nodules

33
Q

nephritic syndrome mediator

A

C5a neurophils

34
Q

PostStrep GN pathology

A

hypercellular, IC lumpy bumpy

35
Q

rapidly progressive pathology

A

fibrin+M0 crescents in bowmans space

36
Q

specific rapidly progessive disease pathology

A

goodpasture-linear(+hemoptysis), pauci immune(no deposits), PSGN/diffuse proliferative(granular)

37
Q

most common SLE renal association

A

diffuse proliferative GN(also membranous less likely)

38
Q

pauci immune pathology

A

wegeners-cANCA+lung+nasopharynx, churg-strauss-pANCA/eosinophils/asthma/granulomas, microscopic polyangiitis-pANCA

39
Q

Bergers pathology

A

mesangium IgA deposits, following mucosal infections

40
Q

alport genes

A

X-linked type IV collagen, split basement membrane+deaf

41
Q

UTI labs

A

WBCs, leukocyte esterase, nitrites

42
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux findings

A

scarring inferior&superior poles

43
Q

chronic pyelonephritis findings

A

waxy casts, proteinaceous follicles from atrophic tubules

44
Q

most common stone

A

CaP/oxalate(crohns/hypercalcemia association)

45
Q

AMP(struvite) pathology

A

urease+(proteus/klebsiella), staghorn, alkaline urine

46
Q

uric acid stone pathology

A

radiolucent, gout, acidic(Tx alkalinize)

47
Q

cysteine stone association

A

children, staghorn

48
Q

EPO creation

A

renal peritubular interstitial cells

49
Q

dialysis association

A

renal cell carcinoma

50
Q

angiomyolipoma association

A

tuberous sclerosis

51
Q

renal cell carcinoma paraneoplastic syndromes

A

EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH excess

52
Q

renal cell genetics

A

loss VHF tumor suppressor(higher IGF, VEGF, PDGF) von hippel lindau association, chromosome 3

53
Q

most common tumor in kids+pathology

A

wilms-blastema cells(WT1 mutation)

54
Q

most common lower UT tumor

A

urothelial carcinoma(bladder) SMOKING, flat or papillary

55
Q

squamous cell lower UT associations

A

Schistosoma hematobium(Middle eastern male), chronic cystitis, long standing stone

56
Q

adenocarcinoma association

A

urachal remnant(dome of bladder), exstrophy, cystitis

Board Associations (22 decks)

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