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1
Q

eye muscarinic

A

miosis/accomadation(M3-Gq)-glaucoma Tx

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2
Q

heart muscarinic

A

nodal(M2-Gi)-decrease rate/conduction-tachycardia Tx(leads to AV Block)

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3
Q

lung muscarinic

A

bronchioles/glands(M3)-bronchospasm&secretions-dont use agonists in asthma/COPD

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4
Q

GI/genitourinary muscarinic

A

M3-motility/diarrhea/voiding urine. M1(Gq)-GI gland secretions(acid production)-dont use in peptic ulcers

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5
Q

glands/vessels muscarinic

A

secretions, dilate blood vessels(only indirect)-use in sjogrens

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6
Q

nicotinic receptor type

A

ligand gated-Na/K channels(no 2nd messengers)

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7
Q

direct muscarinic agonists

A

bethanechol(postop ileus&urinary retention), methacholine (diagnose bronchioles), pilocarpine(glaucoma&xerostomia)

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8
Q

indirect muscarinic agonists

A

AChE blockers(no vessel affects), edrophonium(diagnose myastheniaG), physiostygmine(Tx glaucoma, atropine antidote), neostigmine/pyridostigmine(Tx myasthenia/ileus/ NM blockade reversal), donepazil/tacrine(alzheimers), organophosphates(decrease Vmax on curve)

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9
Q

organophosphate poisening Tx

A

atropine&pralidoxome(regenerate AChE)

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10
Q

muscarinic antogonists

A

atropine(leads to VTach/torasades/behavior/coma/ convulsions)/tropicamide(dilate pupil)/scopolamine(motion)/ ipratropium(asthma)/benztropine&trihexyphenidyl(EPS). (Tx OD w/ physostygmine)

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11
Q

alpha2 agonists action

A

inhibit NE effects(Gi-cAMP)-platelet aggregation, dec insulin. clonidine/mdopa

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12
Q

alpha1 agonist action

A

smooth muscle(Gq-Ca)-increase resistance-decrease renin-phenylephrine(decongestant&eydrops)

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13
Q

beta1 agonist action

A

increase HR/conduction/contractility(Gs-cAMP), inc renin

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14
Q

beta2 agonist action

A

mostly not innervated(EPI not nor)/vaso&bronchodilate, increase blood sugar/insulin

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15
Q

D1 agonist action

A

fenoldapam-kidney/coronary vasodilation(Gs-cAMP)-shock

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16
Q

nonselective beta agonists vs. selective

A

isoproterenol(bronchospasm/heart block), B1=dobutamine (CHF), B2(salmeterol, albuterol, terbutaline, ritodrine)

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17
Q

indirect adrenergic agonists

A

NE releasers-MAO/tyramine, ephedrine, amphetamines. reuptake inh-cocaine/TCA

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18
Q

alpha blocker nonselective vs selective

A

pheochromocytoma(phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine)-causes reflex tachy/H2O&Na retention(use w/diuretic/BB). selective-a1=azosin/tamsulosin(BPH/HTN).

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19
Q

B1 vs B2 blocker uses

A

SVTs, angina, MI, HTN, CHF(causes AV block-Tx glucagon) vs BAD-bronchospasm/vasospasm/metabolic issues

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20
Q

Beta blockers w/ ISA

A

acebutolol(less bradycardia), pindolol(less broncho/vasospasm)- both less hyperlipidemia

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21
Q

beta blocker sedative

A

propanolol(also inhibits deiodinase), atenolol=non sedative

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22
Q

beta blockers w/ combined blockade

A

alpha1-carvedolol/labetolol, K+channel-sotalol

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23
Q

glaucoma Tx

A

open=BB(timolol)+muscarinic agonist(pilocarpine)

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24
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity& resistance

A

nephro/oto+neuromuscular blockade(Ach release), increase in bacterial conjugation enzyme

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25
Q

phototoxicity

A

tetracyclines/sulfonamides/quinolones

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26
Q

tetracycline, macrolide/clindamycin resistance

A

pumps, methylating

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27
Q

clindamycin use

A

staph aureus osteomyelitis(quinolones in other osteomyelitis)

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28
Q

TMP-SMX&PMM-SDZ use, SE

A

prophylaxis/Tx-pneumo jirovecii, nocardia. Toxoplasma. kernicterus in kids, stevens johnson, G6PD hemolysis

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29
Q

H Pylori Ulcer Tx

A

BMT-bismuth, metronidazole, tetracyclines OR clarithromycin, amoxycillin, omeprazole

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30
Q

bactericidal drugs

A

lactams, aminoglycosides, folic acid/nucleic acid synthesis

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31
Q

imipenam side effect

A

seizures

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32
Q

aztreonam specifics

A

only gram negative rods, no cross-allergies

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33
Q

vancomycin resistance&VRSA drugs

A

d-ala becomes d-lactate, linezolid&streptogramins

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34
Q

RIPE resistance

A

rifampin-enzyme change(red urine). isoniazid-catalase loss(katG deletion)-B6 deficiency. pyrazinamide-(gout). ethambutol-(color vision loss)

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35
Q

PPAR-gamma regulators

A

glitazones-increase insulin sensitivity

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36
Q

drugs that decrease glucagon release

A

GLP1 analog(tide), DPP4 inh(liptin), amylin analog(lintide)

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37
Q

close beta cell K+ channel-Ca induced insulin release

A

sulfonylureas(amides&ides)-only T2

38
Q

increase peripheral glucose uptake&glycolysis

A

metformin DOC-T2(not in renal failure-lactic acidosis)

39
Q

malignant HTN Tx&MOA

A

nitroprusside(cGMP-arteriole dilation cyanide toxicity), fenoldapam-D1 agonist-decrease BP increase natriuresis

40
Q

BB contraindicated in angina

A

acebutolol pindolol

41
Q

TG targeting lipid agent

A

fibrates-upregulate LPL

42
Q

inhibits lipolysis& reduces VLDL secretion

A

niacin-strong HDL/LDL effects(tylenol to decrease flush)

43
Q

ezetimibe vs cole drugs(bile acid resins)

A

prevent cholesterol resporption vs bile acid resorption

44
Q

torsades antiarrhythmia classes&drugs

A

1A(Na channel)-quinidine/procainamide/disopyramide, 3(K channel)-amiodarone/ibutilide/sotalol/dofetilide

45
Q

Class IB/C, II &IV drugs

A

1B-(post MI) lidocaine/mexiletine/tocainide, 1C-(rare use) flecainide, propafenone. II-BB, IV-Ca block

46
Q

SVT DOC &MOA

A

adenosine-increase K+ out of cell-short acting(no caffeine/theophylline)

47
Q

HIT MOA

A

IgG against heparin bound to PF4-activate platelets

48
Q

LMWH, rudin, warfarin MOA

A

parins-factor Xa, rudins-inhibit thrombin(use pts w/HIT), gamma carboxylation of VitK

49
Q

ADP receptor inhibitors vsGP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

clopidigrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor vs abciximab, eptibfibatide, tirofiban. Both for ACS/stenting

50
Q

drug for claudication, prevention of stroke/TIA/angina

A

Phosphodiesterase II inh(cilostazol/dipyridamole-inh platelet aggregation

51
Q

antimetabolite myelosuppression Tx

A

MTX-leucovorin, 5-FU-thymidine

52
Q

TRAP+

A

hairy cell

53
Q

TDT+

A

ALL(also CALLA)

54
Q

cmyc cancer

A

Burkitts(8;14), starry sky, jaw lesion, EBV

55
Q

cyclin D1 cancer

A

mantle cell(11;14), CD5+

56
Q

CD15, 30 cancer

A

hodgkins-owl eye(reed sternberg), LOCALIZED, EBV

57
Q

bcl2 cancer

A

follicular(14;18)-inhibits apoptosis

58
Q

back pain+clock face/fried egg plasma cells

A

multiple myeloma-M spike, light chain IgG

59
Q

bcr-abl cancer

A

CML(9;22) inhibit apoptosis, Tx-imatinib

60
Q

vitamin A respondent cancer

A

M3 AML(presents as DIC), auer rods

61
Q

Ca-125, 19-9, AFP cancers

A

ovarian, pancreatic, hepatocellular/germ cell

62
Q

SLE nephropathies

A

nephrotic=membranous, nephritic=diffuse proliferative

63
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

bergers(related to Henoch Schonlein purpura)

64
Q

alport BM defect

65
Q

rapidly progressive(crescentic) diseases

A

goodpastures, wegeners, microscopic polyangiittis

66
Q

HTN, dark urine, periorbital edema in kids

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis

67
Q

thick basement membrane-spike and dome appearance

A

membranous nephropathy

68
Q

HIV/heroin kidney disease

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

69
Q

Hep B/C kidney disease& classic pathology

A

membranoproliferative-tram track

70
Q

nodular nephrotic syndrome

A

diabetic glomerulonephropathy-eosinophilic

71
Q

Na channel seizure drugs

A

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine. Valproic acid, topirimate.

72
Q

increased GABA seizure drugs

A

benzodiazapenes(pams), tigabine, vigabatrin, valproic acid, topirimate

73
Q

trigeminal neuralgia Tx

A

carbamazepine-1st line for simple, complex&tonic clonic

74
Q

1st line seizure Tx in kids

A

phenobarbital

75
Q

ca inhibiting anti seizure meds

A

ethosuxamide, Gabapentin

76
Q

status epilepticus Tx

A

benzodiazepines (phenytoin for prophylaxis)

77
Q

migraine/cluster DOC

A

sumatriptan

78
Q

menopause test

A

very high FSH(lost negative feedback from estrogen)

79
Q

Kallmen syndrome cause

A

defection GnRH migration(anosmia/no secondary sex)

80
Q

leuprolide

A

GnRH analog-infertility, fibroids, prostate CA

81
Q

binds brush border preventing carbohydrate uptake

A

aCARBose, miglitol-alpha glucosidase inhibitors

82
Q

4th ventricle tumor

A

ependymoma(perivascular pseudorosettes,blepharoplasts)

83
Q

cerebellar vermis ataxia tumor

A

medulloblastoma(homer wright pseudorosettes)

84
Q

cerebellar tumor-increased ICP-multilocular cyst

A

pilocytic astrocytoma-rosenthal fibers+GFAP

85
Q

bonsentan MOA

A

endothelin-1 competeive antagonist

86
Q

Fatigue w/ high CK

A

hypothyroid, statins, daptomycin, muscularD, d/pMyositis

87
Q

Bergers vs PSGN

A

days after infection vs weeks

88
Q

CD55, 59 markers

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

89
Q

inhibit production of mevalonate

A

statins-HMGcoA reductase

90
Q

decrease triglyceride esterification

91
Q

case control vs cohort

A

retrospective vs prospective

Board Associations (22 decks)

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