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Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial endocarditis symptoms

A

oslers nodes(finger toe lesions), splinter hemorrhage, roth spots(retina), janeway (palm/sole painless erythema)

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2
Q

U wave causes

A

hypokalemia, bradycardia

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3
Q

3rd degree heart block disease cause

A

lyme disease

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4
Q

Blue babies cause

A

RtoL shunt (5T’s)

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5
Q

Turner’s syndrome association

A

aortic coarctation

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6
Q

22q11 syndromes

A

TOF, truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

thoracic aortic anyeurism associationa

A

Marfan’s, 3* syphillis

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8
Q

loffler syndrome pathology

A

endomyocardial fibrosis+eosinophils

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9
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy association

A

Friedrich’s ataxia

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10
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy causes

A

ABCCCD(alcohol, beriberi, cocaine, coxsackie B, Chagas, Doxorubicin)

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11
Q

acute endocarditis cause

A

S Aureus

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12
Q

subacute endocarditis cause

A

viridans strep

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13
Q

IVDU endocarditis cause

A

S Aureus, pseudamonas, Candida

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14
Q

Rheumatic heart valves affected

A

mitral>aortic»tricuspid

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15
Q

rheumatic pathology

A

aschoff bodies(giant cell granuloma), anitschkows cells(histiocytes), ASO titers

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16
Q

most common 1* cardiac tumor adults

A

myxoma(metastasis more common)

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17
Q

most common childhood cardiac tumor

A

rhabdomyoma(tuberous sclerous associated)

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18
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome causes

A

SLE, CREST, mixed connective tissue disease

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19
Q

sturge-weber lesions

A

port wine stain, seizures, glaucoma, cerebral AVM

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20
Q

Ca channel blocker for heart

A

verapamil

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21
Q

Ca channel blocker for vascular

A

amlodipine, nifedipine

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22
Q

alpha2 blockers SE

A

reflex tachycardia

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23
Q

kawasaki disease lesions

A

strawberry tongue, trunk&extremity rash, conjunctivitis, CORONARY ARTERY

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24
Q

Na funny channel

A

SA node phase 4(no phase 1&2)

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25
Q

digitalis inhibits

A

Na/K ATPase(increases contractile force)

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26
Q

cerebral circulation factor

A

CO2

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27
Q

coronary circulation factors

A

adenosine& hypoxia

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28
Q

skeletal muscle circulation factors

A

lactate, adenosine& K+

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29
Q

hyperTG Tx

A

fibrates+niacin

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30
Q

fibrate MOA

A

ppar alpha activator(upregulates LPL)

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31
Q

stable+unstable angina pathology

A

subendocardial (also ST depression)

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32
Q

prinzmetal angina pathology

A

transmural(ST elevation)

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33
Q

4-24hr MI

A

coagulative necrosis

34
Q

1-3d MI

A

neutrophils (pericarditis complication)

35
Q

3-7d MI

A

M0 (free wall rupture complication)

36
Q

7-10d MI

A

granulation tissue

37
Q

months post MI

A

fibrosis (anyeurism complication)

38
Q

dressler syndrome

A

pericarditis autoantibodies months post MI

39
Q

heart failure pathology

A

hemosiderin laden M0, nutmeg liver

40
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome heart defect

A

VSD(most common congenital)

41
Q

down syndrome heart defect

42
Q

congenital rubella association

43
Q

maternal diabetes association

A

transposition of the great vessals

44
Q

rheumatic valve

A

mitral(stenosis-rarely aortic)

45
Q

rheumatic heart pathology

A

aschoff bodies with anitschkow cells(caterpillar chromatin)

46
Q

aortic stenosis sounds

A

click+crescendo-decrescendo

47
Q

aortic regurgitation symptoms

A

head bobbing, pulsating nail bed, pounding pulses(wide pulse pressure-hyperdynamic)

48
Q

mitral prolapse sound

A

mid systolic click

49
Q

mitral stenosis sounds

A

opening snap+diastolic rumble

50
Q

staph epi endocarditis

A

prosthetic valves

51
Q

strep bovis endocarditis

A

colorectal carcinoma

52
Q

negative blood culture endocarditis

53
Q

lesions on both sides of cardiac valves

A

Liebman-sachs(SLE)

54
Q

hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy cause

A

autoDominant sarcomere mutation

55
Q

polyarteritis nodosa association

56
Q

polyarteritis nodosa pathology

A

string of pearls(bumpy blood vessal)

57
Q

kawasaki disease Tx

A

aspirin(even in kids-commonly cause MI) IVIG

58
Q

Buerger’s disease cause(necrotizing fingers/toes)

59
Q

atherosclerosis vessel location

A

intima of medium to large vessels

60
Q

hyaline arteriolosclerosis causes

A

benign HTN, diabetes

61
Q

liver angiosarcoma relation

62
Q

thoracic aortic anyeurism association

A

syphillis(tree bark appearance)

63
Q

pregnancy HTN Tx

A

hydralazine, levadopa

64
Q

drug induced lupus causes

A

procainamide, isoniazid, hydralazine

65
Q

torsades de pointes drugs

A

IA(quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide), III(amiodorone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide)

66
Q

post-MI antiarrhythmia

A

IB(lidocaine, mexilitene, tocainamide)

67
Q

Tests while on amiodorone

A

PFTs, LFTs, TFTs

68
Q

torsades/digoxin toxicity Tx

69
Q

SVT DOC

70
Q

test for prinzmetal angina

A

ergonovine

71
Q

takayasu pathology

A

ab aorta branch points, pulseless

72
Q

difference between wegeners &microscopic polyangiitis

A

wegeners-involves nasopharynx, c-anca. mp-p-anca, just lung and kidneys. Both Tx-cyclophosphamide

73
Q

slurred s wave(I/V6)

74
Q

notched QRS(I/V1/V6)

A

LBBB(Can’t diagnose MI if it occurs)

75
Q

V5>35

76
Q

inverted T wave causes(left leads)

A

symmetrical=ischemia, gradual then quick=LVH

77
Q

deep V6 s wave, V1-R/S >1

78
Q

V1/II p waves abnormalities

A

high=RAH, wide=LAH

79
Q

normal S2 splitting

A

on inspiration(young adults)-abnormal=LBBB(expiration), fixed=ASD

80
Q

stenosis vs regurgitation murmurs

A

stenosis=valve opening problem, regurg=closed valve

81
Q

holo/pansystolic vs crescendo decresendo systolic vs click

A

mitral/tricuspid regurgitation&VSD vs aortic/pulmonic stenosis&HOCM vs mitral prolapse

82
Q

decrescendo blowing diastolic vs mid diastolic rumble

A

AR(exhale leaning forward)/PR(inspiration) vs MS(left lateral recumbent)/TS(inspiration)

Board Associations (22 decks)

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