Respiratory

Question 1

What FeNO value is diagnostic for asthma?

Answer 1

> 35 parts per billion

Question 2

What does an obstructive picture on spirometry look like?

Answer 2

FEV1 - Reduced
FVC- Normal
FEV1/FVC ratio- Reduced

Question 3

What does an restrictive picture on spirometry look like?

Answer 3

FEV1 - Normal/reduced
FVC- Reduced
FEV1/FVC ratio- Normal/increased

Question 4

What are the components of a CF annual review?

Answer 4

Review progress and medication
FBC, coag, LFTs, U+E, Vitamins
Aspergillous serology. Sputum for non-tuberous mycobacteria

Question 5

What is diagnostic sweat test?

Answer 5

Sweat chloride > 60mmol/L per 100g of sweat

Question 6

How are pleural effusions classified?

Answer 6

Trasudative and exudative

Question 7

What are Light’s criteria?

Answer 7

How to diagnose exudative effusions
The ratio of pleural fluid to serum protein is greater than 0.5
The ratio of pleural fluid to serum LDH is greater than 0.6
The pleural fluid LDH value is greater than two-thirds of the upper limit of the normal serum value.

Question 8

What conditions are associated with exudative pleural effusions?

Answer 8

Malignancy
Infection (e.g. empyema due to bacterial pneumonia)
Trauma
Pulmonary infarction
Pulmonary embolism

Question 9

What conditions are associated with transudative pleural effusions?

Answer 9

Congestive heart failure
Liver cirrhosis
Severe hypoalbuminemia
Nephrotic syndrome