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AKP > Infectious Diseases + control > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases + control Flashcards

1
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friedeichsen syndrome?

A

Adrenal haemorrhage
Usually secondry to bacterial sepsis

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2
Q

What organisms are the most common cause of sepsis in <3 month old?

A

Group B strep
e.coli
Listeria Monocytogenes

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3
Q

What is antibiotic treatment for ? menigitis in <3 month old?

A

cefoTAXime + amoxicillin/ampicillin

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4
Q

what is antibiotic treatment for ?menigitis in >3month old?

A

CefTRIaxone

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5
Q

An LP is contrainidicated if what?

A

Signs of raised ICP
GCS <9 or acute deterioration
spreading petechiae
Shocked patient
Within 30 mins of sezure or after focal seizure or with persitent focal neurology
Severe coagulopathy

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6
Q

Within how many weeks should meningitis patients (if discharged) be followed up?

A

4 weeks

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7
Q

What are asplenic patients at greater risk of?

A

Severe infections of encapuslated bacteria
pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. Influenzae and Salmonella

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8
Q

An unimmuised and unwell African child with grey fibrous inflammatory exudates to oropharynx suggests what? What is treatment?

A

Diptheria
Penicllin + anti-toxin

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9
Q

Describe and name rash pathamnemonic for Lyme disease

A

Erythema Migrans
Emerges 1-4 weeks post infection
Target rash.

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10
Q

Why can’t you give doxycycline to children <12 years?

A

Causes dental hyperplasia and staining in developing teeth

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11
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic TB?

A

12 week course of isoniazid and rifampacin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for active TB?

A

2 months quadrouple therapy (isoniazid, Rifampacin, Ethambutol, Pyrzinamide) then 4 months isoniazid and rifampacin

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13
Q

What are the side effects of Isoniazid?

A

Peripheral neuritis
Steven Johnson syndrome
Hepatotoxicity

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Rifampacin?

A

Turns body fluids red/orange
induces liver enzymes therefore ++ metabolism of oestrogens and anticoagulants

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Ethambutol?

A

Reduced visual acuity

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16
Q

How does mycobacterium avium present?

A

cervical lymphadenitis and overlying erythema.

17
Q

On LP, what conditions cause a low Glucose in CSF?

A

Bacterial/ TB meningitis

18
Q

When should dexamethasone be given in context of meningitis treatment?

A

LP findings consitent with bacterial menigitis i.e. purulent, +++WCC, protein > 1, bacteria on gram stain

19
Q

What Hep B serology profile suggests immunity from vaccination? And what suggests immunity from previous infection?

A

Vaccination HBsAb only
prev infection: HBsAb + HBcAb

20
Q

What are the diagnositic criteria for Kawasaki disease?

A

Fever > 5 days AND ≥ 4 of:
Polymorphic rash
Non-purulent b/l conjunctivitis
Desquamation of fingers
Lips/mucosal changes (cracked lips strawberry tongue)
Erythema palms/soles
Cervical lymphadenopathy

21
Q

What cardiac investigation do Kawasaki patients require and why?

A

Echocardiogram
Coronary artery dilatation / aneurysm

22
Q

When are childhood vaccines contraindicated?

A

Previous anaphylacitic reaction to vaccination
Immunosuppressed children (they should not recieve live vaccines)

23
Q

What childhood vaccinations are live?

A

MMR
Rotavirus
Nasal influenza vaccine
BCG

24
Q

What are the rules for family members of children with severe immunosuppression?

A

They should recieve annual influenza vaccine
Avoid for 7 days if having INTRANASAL influenza vacc

25
Q

With what vaccination given at what age is prophylactic paracetamol advised?

A

Conjugate MenB - 16 weeks. Has been shown to increase risk of fever when given with other vaccines.

26
Q

When can fever appear after tetanus vaccine?

A

A few hours after delivery

27
Q

When can fever appear post MMR vaccine?

A

7-10 days later

28
Q

Should premature babies be vaccinated according to chronological or corrected age?

A

Chronological!

29
Q

What are the commonest opportunisitic infections presenting in AIDS?

A

Penumocystis pneumonia
oesophageal candidiasis
Disseminated CMV
Chronic cryptosporidium enteritis
Cryptococcal meningitis

30
Q

What does PCP (pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) look like on CXR?

A

Bilateral ground glass shadowing

31
Q

What is the treatment for PCP?

A

IV co-trimoxazole + corticosteroids

32
Q

What is the classical presenting rash for Rubella?

A

Discrete pink spots starting on the face then becoming widespread

33
Q

What are the features of measles infection?

A

Fever
Morbolliform rash starting behind ears then becoming widespread
koplick spots and conjunctivitis

34
Q

How do you treat treatment of cestodes ( T. saginata or T. solium - tapeworm?) or trematodes (schistosomyosis) ?

A

Praziquantel

AKP (25 decks)

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