Infectious Diseases + control Flashcards
What is Waterhouse-Friedeichsen syndrome?
Adrenal haemorrhage
Usually secondry to bacterial sepsis
What organisms are the most common cause of sepsis in <3 month old?
Group B strep
e.coli
Listeria Monocytogenes
What is antibiotic treatment for ? menigitis in <3 month old?
cefoTAXime + amoxicillin/ampicillin
what is antibiotic treatment for ?menigitis in >3month old?
CefTRIaxone
An LP is contrainidicated if what?
Signs of raised ICP
GCS <9 or acute deterioration
spreading petechiae
Shocked patient
Within 30 mins of sezure or after focal seizure or with persitent focal neurology
Severe coagulopathy
Within how many weeks should meningitis patients (if discharged) be followed up?
4 weeks
What are asplenic patients at greater risk of?
Severe infections of encapuslated bacteria
pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. Influenzae and Salmonella
An unimmuised and unwell African child with grey fibrous inflammatory exudates to oropharynx suggests what? What is treatment?
Diptheria
Penicllin + anti-toxin
Describe and name rash pathamnemonic for Lyme disease
Erythema Migrans
Emerges 1-4 weeks post infection
Target rash.
Why can’t you give doxycycline to children <12 years?
Causes dental hyperplasia and staining in developing teeth
What is the treatment for asymptomatic TB?
12 week course of isoniazid and rifampacin
What is the treatment for active TB?
2 months quadrouple therapy (isoniazid, Rifampacin, Ethambutol, Pyrzinamide) then 4 months isoniazid and rifampacin
What are the side effects of Isoniazid?
Peripheral neuritis
Steven Johnson syndrome
Hepatotoxicity
What are the side effects of Rifampacin?
Turns body fluids red/orange
induces liver enzymes therefore ++ metabolism of oestrogens and anticoagulants
What are the side effects of Ethambutol?
Reduced visual acuity
How does mycobacterium avium present?
cervical lymphadenitis and overlying erythema.
On LP, what conditions cause a low Glucose in CSF?
Bacterial/ TB meningitis
When should dexamethasone be given in context of meningitis treatment?
LP findings consitent with bacterial menigitis i.e. purulent, +++WCC, protein > 1, bacteria on gram stain
What Hep B serology profile suggests immunity from vaccination? And what suggests immunity from previous infection?
Vaccination HBsAb only
prev infection: HBsAb + HBcAb
What are the diagnositic criteria for Kawasaki disease?
Fever > 5 days AND ≥ 4 of:
Polymorphic rash
Non-purulent b/l conjunctivitis
Desquamation of fingers
Lips/mucosal changes (cracked lips strawberry tongue)
Erythema palms/soles
Cervical lymphadenopathy
What cardiac investigation do Kawasaki patients require and why?
Echocardiogram
Coronary artery dilatation / aneurysm
When are childhood vaccines contraindicated?
Previous anaphylacitic reaction to vaccination
Immunosuppressed children (they should not recieve live vaccines)
What childhood vaccinations are live?
MMR
Rotavirus
Nasal influenza vaccine
BCG
What are the rules for family members of children with severe immunosuppression?
They should recieve annual influenza vaccine
Avoid for 7 days if having INTRANASAL influenza vacc
