Haematology Flashcards
What are blood film findings suggesting of iron deficiency anaemia?
Poikilocytosis - target cells and pencil cells
What is common cause of B12 deficiency in < 3 yr old?
Goat’s milk diet
What are the clinical features of Fanconi Anaemia?
Short stature, thumb/forearm abnormalities, Micropthalmia
What is the test for Fanconi Anaemia?
Chromosome breakage test
What are the clincal features of Diamond Blackfan Anaemia?
Widely spaced eyes, snub nose, thumb abnormlaity, short.
For what presentation should you consider Schwachman-Diamond Anaemia as cause?
Loose, foul smelling stool and anaemia
(pancreas dysfunction)
What medications can cause bone marrow failure?
Chloramphenicol, Sulfonamides (trimethoprim), carbimazole, anti-cancer drugs
What test differentiates between anaemia due to consumption or bone marrow suppresion?
Reticulocyte counts
What feature on what type of x-ray suggests transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia
Skull x-ray
Hair on end appearance
What is the test to confirm thalassaemia?
Hb electrophoresis
Genetic testing
What treatment MUST transfusion dependent thalassaemia patients have to avoid cardiac failure?
Iron chelating agents
Deferoxamine
After what age would you consider splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis patients?
> 6 years of age
What type and proprotion of each type of Hb would you expect to see in normal patient?
HbA 90%, HbA₂ <3.5 %
What type and proprotion of each type of Hb would you expect to see in a person with thalassaemia trait?
HbA 90%, HbA₂ >3.5 %
What is the inheritence pattern of hereditary spherocytosis?
AD
What type and proprotion of each type of Hb would you expect to see in a person with sickle trait?
HbS (25%–40%); HbA (50%–60%)
What type and proportion of each type of Hb would you expect to see in a person with sickle disease?
HbS (80%–95%); HbF (5%–10%)
What is the inheritance of G6PD?
X-linked recessive
What are the triggers for G6PD haemolytic crisis?
Acute illness, fava beans
Nitrofurantoin, salicylates, sulfonamides
What can cause prolonged PT?
Vit K deficiency, Warfarin therapy, liver disease, DIC,
What can cause prolonged APPT?
Haemophilia A+B, Von Willebrand disease, Unfractionated heparin, DIC
What conditions can cause thrombophilia?
Protein C + S deficiency
Factor V leiden
When treat ITP?
If any mucosal/ GI bleeding or uncontrolled bleeding from nose/skin
What is prophylactic medicine of choice for patient with Von willebrand disease about to have surgical procedure?
Desmopressin
What does basophilic stippling on blood film + evidence of haemolysis suggest?
Lead poisoning
