Nutrition Flashcards
BMI over what centile is diagnosic for obesity?
98th
What is second line treatment for Cows Milk protein allergy?
Amino acid formula
What is the WHO classification for moderate and severe malnutrition?
Moderate
BMI +/or length 0.4-9th centile
Severe
BMI +/or length <0.4th centile
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E and K
What are the water soluble vitamins?
Vit C
B1, B2, B3, Pantothenic Acid, B6, B12, Folate
When can soy based formula be used? And who can’t have it?
Older infant with CMPA where other formulas are rejected due to palatability or parents practicing veganism.
Do not give babies <6 months due to phytoestrogen
When should weaning start?
Around 6 months.
Not before 4 months corrected gestational age.
Define faltering growth in child
Slowing of weight gain in childhood that is less than expected for age and sex.
Define overweight child
BMI beteen 91st and 98th centile
What does vitamin A deficiency present as?
Night blindness
Severe- complete blindness, xerophthalmia(pathalogical eye dryness)
Vitamin b1 is also known as what?
What does deficiency of it present as?
Thiamine
Infants of thiamine deficienct mothers (think indonesia): Beriberi syndrome- weak/hoarse cry, cardiomegaly, tachycardia and oedema
Teenagers: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
What predisposes to B1/thiamine deficiency?
Thiamine deficient mother
Anorexia nervosa, alcohol abuse
Maple syrup urine disease
What is Vitamin B6 also known as and how does deficiency present?
Pyridoxine
stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anaemia and seizures.
Seizures neonatal period, inc foetal movement
What predisposes to Vit B6/Pyridoxine deficiency?
Homocystinuria
Isoniazid, penicillamine
What is Vitamin B3 also known as and how does deficiency present?
Niacin
Pellagra - characterised by dermatitis, glossitis, vaginitis, and oesophagitis, diarrhoea and dementia.
What predisposes to Vit B3/Niacin deficiency?
Anorexia nervosa
V. rare as most foods fortified with it.
What is Vitamin B2 also known as and how does deficiency present?
Riboflavin
Ariboflavinosis: present as sore throat, angular stomatitis, glossitis and normocytic, normochromic anaemia.
What is Vitamin B5 also known as and how does deficiency present?
Pantothenic acid
‘Burning feet syndrome’ characterised by paraesthesia and dysesthesia.
What is Vitamin B9 also known as and how does deficiency present?
Folate, Folic Acid
Megaloblastic anaemia. Neural tube defects if occur when pregnant.
What predisposes to Vit B9 folate deficiency
Coeliac, chronic haemolytic/renal disorders
Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, Sodium Valproate
How does vitamin B12 deficieny present?
Megaloblastic anaemia + obvious lethargy and pallor. stomatitis and glossitis.
If untreated= neurological and psychological changes inc depression, confusion, numbness and visual changes.
What predisposes to B12 deficiency?
Vegan/ Vegiterian
Malabsorption
How does Vitamin C deficiency present?
Chronic severe deficiency can result in Scurvy
Petechial and perifollicular haemorrhaging, impaired wound healing and abnormal bone and dentine formation.
How does Vitamin E deficiceny present?
Neuromuscular and haemolytic disorders in patients with fat malabsorption.
How does vitamin K deficiency present?
Bruising or bleeding from any mucosal or subcutaneous site
How does Zinc deficiceny present?
weight loss, dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhoea.
How does iodiine deficieny present?
goitre
What is Acrodermatitis enteropathica?
AR disorder, failure of intestinal zinc absorption
Characteristic orange-y rash with well demarcated border
What predisposes to Zinc deficicency?
Children following a vegan diet and infants who are exclusively breast fed with delayed introduction of solid food
What is the formula for calculating mid parental height in girls?
(Mam height + Dad height -13) / 2
What is the formula for calculating mid parental height in boys?
(Mam height + Dad height + 13) /2
