respiratory Flashcards
what paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with squamous cell lung cancer
parathyroid hormone related protein secreting
(hypercalcaemia)
ARDS is characterised by
bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and hyperaemia
what is the calcium levels in sarcoidosis
hypercalcaemia
what is an indicator if a chest drain needs to be inserted in a pleural effusion
the pH <7.2
management of acute bronchitis
doxycycline
what classification is an acute asthma exacerbation where they cannot complete full sentences but their PCO2 is normal
life threatening
what on a blood test is an indicator of lung cancer
raised platelets
pneumonia that diabetics and alcoholics get
klebsiella
what pneumonia causes erythema nodosum and deranged LFTs
mycoplasma pneumonia
blood results for legionella pneumonia
hyponatraemia
lung capacity in COPD
increased
lung sounds COPD
wheeze
lung sound idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
fine end inspiratory crackles
dry cough, shortness of breath and target shaped skin lesion what is most likely causative organism
mycoplasma pneumonia
shortness of breath, ascites and ovarian tumour what is the diagnosis
Meigs syndrome
where does lung cancer metastases to
brain
breast
adrenal
bone
where does the air go in pneumothorax
parietal space
- between visceral and parietal pleura
what is seen in histology of asthma
Curschmann spirals = shed epithelium becomes whorled mucous plugs
side effect of steroid inhaler
oral candidiasis (thrush)
percussion in COPD
hyper resonant
what is diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membrane formation
acute respiratory distress syndrome
main symptom of ARDS
acute onset respiratory failure which fails to improve with oxygen
patient been on holiday and stayed in a hotel
comes back with a dry cough and fever
what is most likely cause
legionella pneummnai (hotel stay)
what is gold standard investigation for legionella pneumonia
urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay test
classic aspirin overdose history
high salicylate levels
respiratory alkalosis
is reduced lung expansion a sign of restrictive or obstructive
restrictive
most common cause of bronchiectasis
H. influenza
management of patient with acute asthma that becomes acidotic
intubated and ventilated
test prior to starting azithromycin
ECG
- rule out prolonged QT interval
infective exacerbation of COPD what is causative organism
H. influenza
management of pneumothorax that is <2cm
discharge and review
what lung cancer causes hyponatraemia
small cell
spirometry of severe obesity
restrictive
mnemonic for upper lobe fibrosis
CHARTS
- coal worker pneumoconiosis
- histiocytosis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- radiation
- tuberculosis
- silicosis, sarcoidosis
community acquired pneumonia management if penicillin allergic
clarithromycin
complication of COPD
polycythaemia
patient with COPD, presenting with worsening breathlessness, pins and needles, plethoric complexion
polycytheamia
red blood cell count in polycythaemia
increased
asymptomatic sarcoidosis what is management
no treatment unless symptomatic
management of HAP
co-amoxiclav
complication if pleural effusion is drained too quickly
re-expansion pulmonary oedema
commonest causes of anterior mediastinum mass
4T’s
- teratoma
- terrible lymphadenopathy
- thymic mass
- thyroid mass
what is FEV1 in asbestosis
reduced
patient with transplants, fever, non productive cough and breathlessness on exertion =
pneumocystis pneumonia
what is an immunocompromised patient
HIV
transplant
what drug can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
amiodarone
bleomycin
CT signet ring is
bronchiectasis
management of bronchiectasis
postural drainage
follow up for pneumonia
CXR 6 weeks after resolution
most common cause of exudative pleural effusion
pneumonia
most common cause of aspiration pneumonia
strep pneumonia
what lung cancer causes Lambert eaton
small cell lung cancer
aspergilloma on CXR
target shape lesion in upper lobe
value of protein in exudate pleural effusion
> 35g/l
value of protein in transudate pleural effusion
< 35g/L
causes of exudative pleural effusion
pneumonia
malignancy
cause of transudate pleural effusion
heart failure
cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome
diagnostic test for superior vena cava obstruction
Pemberton sign
what lung cancer is gynaecomastia associated with
adenocarcinoma
eye condition associated with sarcoidosis
anterior uveitis
can you give patient clarithromycin if they have long QT syndrome
no
