neurology Flashcards
where does ondansetron act
in medulla oblongata
eye deviated down and out and ptosis (painful third nerve palsy) where is location of lesion
posterior communicating artery aneurysm
best foods to eat in childhood epilepsy
ketogenic diet - high fat, low carbohydrate
Wallenberg syndrome mnemonic
DANVAH
- Dysphagia
- ipsilateral Ataxia
- Nystagmus
- Vertigo
- Anaesthesia
- ipsilateral Horner syndrome
how long after stroke symptoms can you thrombolyse
how long after stroke symptoms can you thrombolyse
up to 4.5 hours
can you give warfarin to patient with AF
no
what type of MRI for MS
MRI with contrast
what is a life-threatening complication of pituitary adenoma
pituitary apoplexy
what is pituitary apoplexy
bleeding/infarction within the pituitary macroadenoma
treatment of pituitary apoplexy
IV hydrocortisone
features of wernickes dysphasia
speech fluent
comprehension abnormal
repetition impaired
where is language comprehension centre found
in temporal lobe
where is wernickes area
in temporal lobe
side effect of lamotrigine
Steven Johnson syndrome
weber syndrome
ipsilateral III palsy
contralateral weakness
imagine for TIA
MRI brain with diffusion-weighted imaging
management of bell’s palsy
prednisolone
side effect of phenytoin
peripheral neuropathy
1st line investigation for stroke
non contrast CT
what is syringomyelia associated with
Arnold-chiari malformation
brocas aphasia
- reduced speech fluency
- preserved comprehension
where is damage in Broca’s aphasia
left frontal lobe
where I damage in Wernicke’s aphasia
left temporal-parietal damage
Wernicke’s aphasia
- words are muddled
can’t understand their own or other peoples speech
nominal aphasia
difficult naming objects
what is amaurosis fugax
sudden transient loss of vision in one eye
what is amaurosis fugax first clinic evidence of
internal carotid artery stenosis
is TIA in anterior or posterior circulation carry a more serious risk
anterior
prophylaxis for migraines
propranolol
topiramate
what kind of headache develops following a lumbar puncture
low pressure headache
- take caffeine and fluids
what is Miller-Fisher syndrome
variant of Guillan-Barre syndrome
- associated with ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia
- eye muscles typically affected first
- descending paralysis
what antibodies in Miller-Fisher syndrome
anti-GQ1b
what are infantile seizures commonly associated with
tuberous sclerosis
Jacksonian march seizure
starts in one place e.g. hand and spreads quickly ‘marches’ over the respective foot, hand or face
gold standard investigation for intracranial venous thrombosis
MRI venography
sudden onset headache
nausea and vomiting
reduced consciousness
elevated D dimer
suggestive of
intracranial venous thrombosis
management of trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
cortico-basal degeneration
Parkinsonism + spontaneous activity by and affected limb (flailing limb)
progressive supranuclear palsy
Parkinsonism associated with asymmetric tremor, early postural instability and supra nuclear gaze palsy
multiple system atrophy
parkinson plus syndrome
parkinsonian triad
postural hypotension
incontinence
impotence
what does posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply
part of cerebellum and medulla oblongata
plucking of clothes is typically seen in what type of seizure
temporal lobe seizure
what is most common complication following meningitis
sensorineural hearing loss
what kind of onset does pseudo seizure have
gradual onset
pontine haemorrhage presentation
reduced GCS
paralysis
bilateral pin point pupils
if fasciculations think
motor neurone disease
what drug should be avoided in patients with myasthenia gravis
bisoprolol
what artery would cause arm and leg weakness and speech problems
middle cerebral artery
what drug is given with levodopa
carbidopa
- reduces breakdown of levodopa peripherally
young adult male with:
frontal balding
difficulty letting go when shaking hand
myotonic dystrophy
what genetic causes myotonic dystrophy
trinucleotide repeat disorder
what is mono neuritis multiplex a type of
peripheral neuropathy
features of Brown Sequard
- ipsilateral weakness below lesion
- ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibration
- contralateral loss of pain and temperature
what is brown sequard
lateral hemisection of spinal cord
4 main features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- rigidity
- hyperthermia
- autonomic instability (hypotension, tachycardia)
- altered mental state (confusion)
what can neuroleptic malignant syndrome cause
AKI - deranged U&Es
cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
antipsychotic medication
obese, young female with headaches, blurred vision =
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
bromocriptine
what antiplatelet after TIA
clopidogrel
side effect of carbamezipine
Steven johnson syndrome
cape like loss of pain and temperature sensation =
syringomyelia
investigation of choice for syringomyelia
MRI
management of myasthenic crisis
IV immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis
Atrophy in medial temporal lobe
Alzheimer’s disease
Atrophy in medial temporal lobe
Alzheimer’s disease
Laughter leading to fall/collapse =
Cataplexy
when do you start aspirin after a stroke
24 hours after thormbolysis
most common associated condition in myasthenia gravis
thymic hyperplasia
optic neuritis what is the visual defect
central scotoma
where is the lesion that causes optic neuritis
optic nerve
where is the lesion in wallenberg syndrome
lateral medulla
Gait ataxia where is the lesion
Cerebellar vermis
Gait ataxia where is the lesion
Cerebellar vermis
Gait ataxia where is the lesion
Cerebellar vermis
Gait ataxia where is the lesion
Cerebellar vermis
