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finals > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

what do you give someone with bradycardia and signs of shock

A

atropine

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2
Q

what can give a false low BNP results

A

being on ramipril for hypertension

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3
Q

most likely causative organism for endocarditis with prosthetic valve but under 2 months

A

staph epidermidis

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4
Q

how do you manage patient if systolic BP is less than 90

A

DC cardioversion

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5
Q

what medication is contraindicated in aortic stenosis

A

ACE i

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6
Q

how to treat AVRNT

A

adenosine

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7
Q

what do U waves suggest on ECG

A

hypokalaemia

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8
Q

what drug can you not give with verapamil

A

beta blocker

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9
Q

what ECG abnormality is seen in hypercalcaemia

A

shortening of QT interval

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10
Q

what drug can you not give in a patient with VT

A

verapamil

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11
Q

rate control for patient with AF and asthma

A

diltiazem - CCB

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12
Q

ejection systolic murmur loudest on inspiration is caused by

A

pulmonary stenosis

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13
Q

what is pulmonary stenosis associated with

A

carcinoid tumours

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14
Q

when is murmur in aortic stenosis best heard

A

on expiration

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15
Q

inferior MI and aortic regurgitation are indicators of what

A

ascending aortic dissection

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16
Q

massive PE and hypotension what is the management

A

thrombolysis

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17
Q

what beta blocker causes long QT

A

sotalol

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18
Q

what JVP waveform is seen in a patient with complete heart block

A

canon A wave

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19
Q

what arrhythmia is associated with alcohol consumption

A

atrial fibrillation

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20
Q

what causes pansystolic murmur at left sternal edge

A

ventricular septal defect

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21
Q

patient with AF and heart failure what medication is best to add on

A

digoxin

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22
Q

how long is a normal QRS

A

120-200ms
3 boxes

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23
Q

management of mobitz type II

A

permanent pacing

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24
Q

what is management of bisoprolol overdose

A

glucagon

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25
Q

what creatinine kinase is from the myocardium

A

CK-MB

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26
Q

where is CK-BB from

A

brain

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27
Q

where is CK-MM from

A

skeletal muscle

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28
Q

how long can troponin levels be elevated after an infarct

A

2 weeks

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29
Q

management of 3 vessel coronary artery disease

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

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30
Q

what anticoagulant is used if metallic valve

A

warfarin

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31
Q

what valves are commonly affected in IVDU

A

tricuspid and mitral

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32
Q

start and end of QT interval

A

start of Q to end of T

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33
Q

what is a cannon A wave

A

result of right atrium contracting against a closed tricuspid valve
- occur in patients with complete heart block

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34
Q

what is tapping apex beat an indication of

A

mitral stenosis

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35
Q

ECG in Dressler’s syndrome

A

saddle shape ST elevation
PR depression
downward sloping T-P line (spodick’s sign)

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36
Q

what is Stanford type A aortic dissection

A

involved ascending aorta

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37
Q

what is Stanford type B aortic dissection

A

involves descending aorta

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38
Q

gold standard investigation for aortic dissection

A

CT angiogram

39
Q

management of type A aortic dissection

A

surgical management - graft

40
Q

management of Stanford type B aortic dissection

A

blood pressure control

41
Q

pan systolic murmur radiating to axilla is

A

mitral regurgitation

42
Q

is mitral regurgitation a complication of MI

43
Q

inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

autosomal dominant

44
Q

angina not controlled with beta blocker what do you add next

A

nifedipine - dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

45
Q

what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic fever

46
Q

heart failure what annual vaccination are they given

47
Q

young adult with hypertension and systolic murmur

A

coarctation of aorta

48
Q

why does patient get polyuria in WPW

A

due to release of ANP

49
Q

1st line management of pericarditis

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

50
Q

what is Quincke’s sign and what is it a clinical sign of

A

nailbed pulsation
aortic regurgitation

51
Q

complete heart block following an MI what artery is most likely to be affected

A

right coronary artery

52
Q

suspected PE and renal failure what is investigation to perform

53
Q

what causes sudden death in HOCM

A

ventricular arrhythmia

54
Q

what wave on ECG is associated with hypothermia

55
Q

can you give adenosine to asthmatics

56
Q

systolic murmur preceded by a mid systolic click is

A

mitral valve prolapse

57
Q

management of atrial flutter

A

bisoprolol

58
Q

AF + stroke what is anticoagulant

59
Q

loop diuretics cause tinnitus

60
Q

what valve is mostly affected in endocarditis

A

mitral valve

61
Q

what can be added to atenolol for rate control in AF

62
Q

what heart sound is heard in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

63
Q

new onset AF within 48 hours what is best management

A

DC cardio version

64
Q

Persistent ST elevation 4 weeks after MI + bibasal crackles + S3 S4 =

A

Left ventricular aneurysm

65
Q

Posterior MI on ECG

A

tall R waves in lead V1-3

66
Q

Diastolic murmur + AF =

A

Mitral stenosis

67
Q

acute heart failure not responding to treatment what do you consider next

68
Q

what is Beck’s triad

A

hypotension
raised JVP
heart sounds that are difficult to auscultate

69
Q

what is becks triad seen in

A

cardiac tamponade

70
Q

what medication should be avoided in patients with HOCM

A

ACE inhibitor

71
Q

what is contraindicated in aortic stenosis

72
Q

what cardiac abnormality is associated with polycystic kidney disease

A

mitral valve prolapse

73
Q

ABG of PE

A

respiratory alkalosis

74
Q

what is 2nd line for symptomatic bradycardia if atropine fails

A

external pacing

75
Q

Peduncualted heterogenous mass on echocardiogram

A

Atrial myxoma

76
Q

Peduncualted heterogenous mass on echocardiogram

A

Atrial myxoma

76
Q

Peduncualted heterogenous mass on echocardiogram

A

Atrial myxoma

77
Q

Becks triad

A

Hypotension
Raised JVP
Soft heart sounds

78
Q

What is Becks triad a sign of

A

Cardiac tamponade

79
Q

ECG of cardiac tamponade

A

Electrical alternans

80
Q

what is an early sign of LVF

A

gallop rhythm (S3)

81
Q

do ACE inhibitors cause hypo or hyperkalaemia

A

hyperkalaemia

82
Q

what drug can be used instead of amiodarone

83
Q

reduce risk of mortality in heart failure with reasonable quality of life and LVEF <35%

84
Q

what is pulses alternates associated with

A

left sided heart failure

85
Q

most common cause of myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

86
Q

what cardiac condition can clarithromicin cause

A

torsade des pointes

87
Q

what is brigade syndorme

A

genetic condition caused by sodium channelopathies

88
Q

what is the gene mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

sarcomere protein gene mutation

89
Q

what is de musset sign and what is it associated with

A

rhythmic head nodding or bobbing
in aortic regurgitation

90
Q

1st line management for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

A

flecainide

91
Q

what is pulsus paradoxus seen in

A

cardiac tamponade

92
Q

murmur in aortic dissection

A

aortic regurgitation

finals (25 decks)

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