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finals > renal > Flashcards

renal Flashcards

1
Q

does calcium gluconate have an effect on potassium levels

A

no it stabilises the myocardium to prevent arrhythmias

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2
Q

what can rupture of cystic kidney cause

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage
- remember associated with berry aneurysm

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3
Q

management of nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

A

chlorothiazide

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4
Q

anaemia in CKD what is order of management

A

give them oral iron then start erythropoietin replacement

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5
Q

what can anti glomerulus basement membrane disease be triggered by in men

A

upper respiratory tract infection

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6
Q

calcium levels in patient with chronic kidney disease

A

hypocalcaemia

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7
Q

calcium levels in patient with myeloma

A

hypercalcaemia

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8
Q

most common viral infection following solid organ transplant

A

cytomegalovirus

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9
Q

size of kidneys in chronic kidney disease

A

small

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10
Q

urea levels in dehydration

A

elevated

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11
Q

anion gap in diabetic ketoacidosis

A

high

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12
Q

what does high phosphate levels do to calcium

A

drag it from the bones causing osteomalacia

give alendronic acid

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13
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

A

ABCD
- Addisons
- bicarb loss
- chloride
- drugs

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14
Q

what is given to reduce serum potassium and why

A

insulin with dextrose

insulin causes increase uptake of potassium into intracellular compartment

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15
Q

what are the eGFR variables

A

CAGE
- creatinine
- age
- gender
- ethnicity

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16
Q

results of an acute graft failure

A
  • pyuria (leukocytes)
  • proteinuria
  • rising creatinine
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17
Q

visible haematuria following an URTI suggestive of

A

IgA nephropathy

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18
Q

medication to reduce phosphate levels in patient with CKD

A

sevelamer

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19
Q

what is a type 1 respiratory failure

A

hypoxia without hypercapnia

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20
Q

what is a stag horn calcus

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)

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21
Q

blood test of haemolytic uraemia syndrome

A

thrombocytopenia

22
Q

how do ace inhibitor help in kidney disease

A

decrease proteinuria

23
Q

what is seen in biopsy of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

crescent formation

24
Q

common infections caused by catheters

A

ecoli
proteus mirabilis

25
Q

biopsy of membranous nephropathy

A

thickened basement membrane

26
Q

how does alcohol affect ADH

A

it causes ADH suppression in posterior pituitary leading to polyuria

27
Q

management of ascites

A

spironolactone

28
Q

hyaline casts can be seen in patients who are taking what medications

A

furosemide - loop diuretic

29
Q

drugs to stop in AKI

A

DAMN
- diuretics
- aminoglycosides, ACEi
- metformin
- NSAIDs

30
Q

what is used to replace vitamin D in end stage renal disease

A

alfacalcidol

31
Q

management of proteinuria in CKD

A

ACE inhibitor

32
Q

what is the criteria for diagnosis of hyperkalaemia

A

K+ >6.5 mmol/l
or
ECG changes

33
Q

what glomerulonephritis can be caused by HIV

A

focal segmental

34
Q

what cancer are patients who have had an organ transplant at risk of

A

squamous cell carcinoma
due to the long term use of immunosuppressants

35
Q

haemoptysis + haematuria

A

anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
- good pastures

36
Q

medication to reduce disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

tolvaptan

37
Q

psychiatric patient with polyuria and polydypsia what is most likely underlying problem

A

lithium

38
Q

management of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

only supportive treatment e.g. fluids and dialysis

39
Q

how to monitor henoch schonlein purpura

A

blood pressure and urinalysis

40
Q

most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

41
Q

acid base distirubance in someone with diarrhoea

A

normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

42
Q

thyroxine levels in nephrotic syndrome

A

low

43
Q

patient with CKD presenting with greyish brown tinge what metabolite is most likely contributing to this

A

urea
- nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizure
- uraemic tinge

44
Q

side effect of peritoneal dialysis

A

peritonitis

45
Q

patient on peritoneal dialysis presents with abdominal pain, fever and cloudy dialysis bag

A

peritonitis

46
Q

most common cause of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections

A

ecoli

47
Q

C3 levels in post strep glomerulonephritis

A

reduced

48
Q

name of at home dialysis

A

peritoneal dialysis

49
Q

painless intermittent haematruia in a male smoker is suggestive of

A

transition cell carcinoma of the bladder

50
Q

investigation of choice in bladder cancer

A

cystoscopy

51
Q

what is chronic ketamine use associated with

A

ketamine cystitis - bladder wall thickening and contracted bladder

52
Q

what can occur after an acute episode of urinary retention and what test would you do

A

AKI
- check serum creatinine

finals (25 decks)

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