endocrine Flashcards
what is used in addition to metformin when patient has chronic heart failure
SGLT2 inhibitor
- empagliflozin
water deprivation results for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
urine osmolality after fluid deprivation: low
urine osmolality after desmopressin: low
cause of nephrogenic diabetes inspidus
lithium
weight gain with hypertension, lethargy and proximal muscle weakness is suggestive of
Cushing syndrome
what is a risk factor for graves disease
smoking
what cancer is hashimotos associated with
MALT
results in Kallmanns syndrome
low FSH/LH
low testosterone
how do you manage primary hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone
which thyroid carcinoma is phaeochromocytoma associated with
medullary
what is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
what are C-peptide levels in someone with T1DM
low
what does gliclazide do to C-peptide levels
elevates them
1st line treatment for prolactinoma
cabergoline (dopamine agonist)
what cardiac condition can hyperthyroidism lead to
high output cardiac failure
what is the 1st line test for acromegaly
IGF-1
if on a steroid what is the sick day rule
double the dose
can you give amitriptyline if a patient has benign prostatic hypertrophy
no
due to risk of urinary retention
what medication is used for acromegaly
ocreotide
hypertensive and hypokalaemia think
primary hyperaldosteronism
what is the dexamethasone suppression test of someone with Cushing syndrome caused by adrenal adenoma
corticosteroid - not suppressed
ACTH - suppressed
1st line investigation for patient with cushings
overnight dexamethasone suppression test
side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors
urinary tract infections
most common cause of hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma
how to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes using tests
C peptide
antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase
treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
propylthiouracil
ABG result of DKA
metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation and increased anion gap
what diabetic medication also induces weight loss
SLGT2 inhibitors
how does splenectomy affect HbA1c
increases it
does gliclazide cause weight gain or weight loss
weight gain
glucocorticoid affect on neutrophils
neutrophilia (high neutrophil count)
if insulin is given in hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia state what can it lead to
central pontine myelinolysis
small testes, infertility, gynaecomastia, above average height and a lack of secondary characteristics =
klinefelter syndrome
how long is carbimazole given in Graves disease
12-18 months
ABG in cushings
hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis
what should be commenced in new cases of graves disease to control symptoms
propranolol
what can mimic cushings disease
excess alcohol
what is hashimottos thyroiditis associated with
thyroid lymphoma
water deprivation test cranial DI
low urine osmolarity after fluid deprivation
high urine osmolality after desmopressin
what diabetes medication is associated with necrotising fasciitis of genitalia
SGLT2 inhibitor
painful goitre is likely to be
De Quervains tenosynovitis
management of toxic multinodular goitre
radioactive iodine
most common cause of secondary hypothyroidism
pituitary insufficiency
diagnostic investigation for secondary hypothyroidism
MRI pituitary gland
management of GI gastroparesis in diabetics
metoclopramide
over replacement with thyroxine increases the risk of
osteoporosis
T2DM treatment approach
- lifestyle
- metformin
- 2nd oral drug
- triple therapy - metformin + gliclazide + gliptin
or metformin + pioglitazone + gliflozin - insulin
uptake of iodine in De Quervains
globally reduced uptake
waddling gait can be a sign of
osteomalacia
first line imaging for thyroid nodules
ultrasonography
example of sulphonylurea
gliclazide
a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid gland adenoma
what alpha blocker is used in phaeochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine
what can be used in hyperaldosteronism with bilateral adrenal disease
amiloride
drug management of acromegaly
somatostatin receptor ligand - ocreotide
complication of DKA
cerebral oedema
what is subclinical hyperthyroidism associated with
AF
osteoporosis
dementia
medication that is useful for obese diabetic patients
DDP4-inhibitor
- sitagliptin
