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finals > oncology and palliative > Flashcards

oncology and palliative Flashcards

1
Q

what cancer can aflatoxin cause

A

hepatocellular carcinoma - liver

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2
Q

what cancer can aniline dyes cause

A

transitional cell cancer - bladder

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3
Q

what cancer can asbestos cause

A

mesothelioma

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4
Q

what cancer can nitrosamines cause

A

oesophageal and gastric cancer

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5
Q

what cancer can vinyl chloride cause

A

hepatic angiosarcome

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6
Q

what does HPV 6&11 cause

A

genital warts

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7
Q

what are koliocytes seen in

A

endocervical cancer

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8
Q

anti emetic used for chemotherapy

A

metoclopramide

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9
Q

what anti emetic is used in high risk patients with chemotherapy

A

ondansetron
- can be combined with dexamethasone

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10
Q

adverse effects of cyclophosphamide

A
  • haemorrhagic cystitis
  • myelosuppression
  • transitional cells carcinoma
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11
Q

side effect of bleomycin

A

lung fibrosis

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12
Q

side effect of anthracycline

A

cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

inheritance of Li Fraumeni

A

autosomal dominant

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14
Q

Li Fraumeni mutation

A

p53 suppressor gene

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15
Q

what can Li Fraumeni cause

A

sarcomas
leukaemia

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16
Q

what chromosome is BRCA 1 on

A

chromsome 17

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17
Q

what chromosome is BRCA2 on

A

chromosome 13

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18
Q

what are BRCA linked to

A

breast cancer
ovarian cancer

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19
Q

BRCA 2 is associated with what in men

A

prostate cancer

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20
Q

inheritance of Lynch syndrome

A

autosomal dominant

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21
Q

what do you develop if you have Lynch syndrome

A

colonic cancer and endometrial cancer

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22
Q

inheritance of Gardners syndrome

A

autosomal dominant

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23
Q

what is mutation in Gardners syndrome

A

APC gene on chromosome 5

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24
Q

what cells destroy cancer cells

A

T cells

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25
Q

what lung cancer causes hypercalcaemia

A

squamous cell

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26
Q

what is typically central lung cancer

A

squamous cell

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27
Q

most common type of lung cancer in non smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

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28
Q

what lung cancer can secrete B-hCG

A

large cell lung cancer

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29
Q

if a lesion is above L1 what signs are seen

A

upper motor neutron signs

30
Q

if a lesion is seen below L1 what signs are seen

A

lower motor neuron signs
perianal numbness
tendon reflexes are increased below lesion

31
Q

management of neoplastic spinal cord compression

A

high dose dexamethasone
oncology assessment for radiotherapy or surgery

32
Q

what is superior vena cava obstruction most commonly associated with

A

lung cancer

33
Q

most common symptom in superior vena cava obstruction

A

dyspnoea

34
Q

pulses jugular venous distension is seen in

A

superior vena cava obstruction

35
Q

management of superior vena cava obstruction

A

endovascular stenting
chemotherapy
glucocorticoids

36
Q

CA 125

A

ovarian cancer

37
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic cancer

38
Q

CA 15-3

A

breast cancer

39
Q

PSA

A

prostatic carcinoma

40
Q

alpha feto protein

A

hepatocellular carcinoma
teratoma

41
Q

carcinoembryonic antigen CEA

A

colorectal cancer

42
Q

S-100

A

melanoma
schwannoma

43
Q

bombesin

A

small cell lung carcinoma
gastric cancer
neuroblastoma

44
Q

1st line management of patient with confusion and agitation

A
  1. haloperidol
  2. chlorpromazine, levopromazine
45
Q

palliative management of agitation and confusion

A

midazolam

46
Q

management of agitation and confusion in patient with Parkinson’s

A

lorazepam

47
Q

management of hiccups

A

chlorpromazine - 1st line
haloperidol
dexamethasone

48
Q

anti emetic given if reduced gastric motility

A

metoclopramide

49
Q

anti emetic if got constipation

A

cyclisine

50
Q

anti emetic used in intracranial disease

A

cyclizine

51
Q

anti emetic in vestibular disorders

A

cyclizine

52
Q

pain relief if no comorbidities

A

20-30mg of modified release a day
5mg morphine for breakthrough pain

53
Q

what is breakthrough dose of morphine

A

1/6th of daily dose

54
Q

what should all patients who are on an opioid be prescribed

A

laxative

55
Q

what opioid is used in patients with chronic kidney disease

A

oxycodone - mild
severe - buprenorphine and fentanyl

56
Q

what are used to treat pain in bone disease

A

bisphopshonates and radiotherapy

57
Q

oral codeine to oral morphine

A

divide by 10

58
Q

oral tramadol to oral morphine

A

divide by 10

59
Q

what is more likely to cause constipation oxycodone to morphine

A

oxycodone

60
Q

oral morphine to oral oxycodone

A

divide by 1.5-2

61
Q

oral morphine to subcut morphine

A

divide by 2

62
Q

oral morphine to subcut diamoprhine

A

divide by 3

63
Q

oral oxycodone to subcut diamorphine

A

divide by 1.5

64
Q

management of excess secretions

A

hyoscine hydrobromide
or
hyoscine butylbormide - less sedative

65
Q

what drugs need sodium chloride 0.9% used in syringe driver

A
  • granisteron
  • ketamine
  • ketorolac
  • ocretoide
  • ondansetron
66
Q

commonly used drugs for nausea and vomiting in syringe driver

A
  • cyclizine
  • levomepromazine
  • haloperidol
  • metoclopramide
67
Q

commonly used drugs for pain in syringe driver

A

diamorphine

68
Q

what is cyclizine not compatible with

A
  • clonidine
  • dexamethasone
  • hyoscine butylbromide
  • ketamine
  • ketorolac
  • metoclopramide
  • midaxolam
  • ocreotide
  • sodium chloride 0.9%
69
Q

calcitonin levels increased in

A

medullary thyroid cancer

70
Q

management of painful mouth at end of life

A

benzydamina hydrochloride

finals (25 decks)

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