Resp system 2 anatomy Flashcards
What direction do the internal intercostal muscles face?
backwards and down (internal pocket)
What direction do the external intercostal muscles face
forwards and down (external pocket)
What are the intrinsic chest muscles
for breathing?
Subcostal muscles, transversus thoracis, serratus posterior (sup + inf)
What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Extends neck
Elevates the chest wall
turns neck
What scalenus muscles are there and what is the difference between them?
Scalenus anterior (first rib) Scalenus medius (first rib Scalenus posterior (Attaches to second rib)
What are the functions of the scalenus muscles?
Lateral flexion
Normal flexion (like nodding)
Inspiratory muscle
What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve CNXI
What is the innervation of the scalenus muscles?
Cervical plexus
What is flail chest
Where a rectangle of the rib cage moves paradoxically to the rest of the rib cage (it bellows in and out) due to multiple fractures
What are the accessory muscles of respiration?
The pectoralis major and minor; serratus anterior
When do the muscles of the upper limb become useful as muscles of respiration?
When the arms are planted on the knees, the upper limbs are secured. This means that they can move the chest wall in an out.
They include the pectoralis major and minor muscles and the serratus anterior.
What muscles control quiet inspiration?
The diaphragm, the intercostal muscles prevent bellowing and the scalene muscles hold the first rib stable.
What muscles control forced inspiration?
Scalenes and sternocleidomastoid
Intercostal muscles prevent bellowing
Pectoralis muscles and serratus ant (the accessory muscles)
Erector spinae
Lower rib stabilisation (by quadratus lumborum)
What muscles control quiet expiration?
Elastic recoil of lungs, intercostal muscles prevent bellowing, elevation of the relaxed diaphragm.
What muscles control forced expiration?
Abdominal muscles depress ribs
Intercostals prevent bellowing
Abdominal muscles depress chest
Latissimus dorsi, transverse thoracis
