Anatomy of the heart 1

Question 1

What are the layers of the vascular tree superficial to deep?

Answer 1

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Endothelium
Then the lumen

Question 2

Why is the fossa ovalis a thing?

Answer 2

Its an embryological remnant of a hole (window) in the sinus venarum when the blood from the placenta would flow into the right atrium and through the fossa ovalis then into the systemic circulation; bypassing the lungs largely as there would be no point in passing all the blood through lungs that aren’t breathing. Then the hole (window) closes up forming the fossa ovalis.

Question 3

What is a ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Answer 3

A hole in the septum of the heart separating the left and right sides of the heart causing mixing of blood meant for the systemic and pulmonary systems.

Question 4

What is stenosis of a valve

Answer 4

Narrowing of the lumen of the valve

Question 5

What does the ductus arteriosus do?

Answer 5

Joins the pulmonary and systemic circulations so blood can bypass the lungs.

Question 6

What does the ductus arteriosus develop into?

Answer 6

Ligamentum arteriosum