Osteology and movements of the vertebral column

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

5, 1

Question 5

How many parts to the coccyx are there?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What type of joints are found between vertebrae?

Answer 6

Synovial at articulating joints; secondary cartilaginous at intervertebral discs

Question 7

List the grades of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 7

1,2,3 and 4

Question 8

Describe a grade 1 intervertebral disc

Answer 8

Healthy, ages 15-40

Question 9

Describe a grade 2 intervertebral disc

Answer 9

Nucleus pulposa fibrous + has brown pigment but not degenerating, ages 35-70

Question 10

Describe a grade 3 intervertebral disc

Answer 10

End plate damage + anulus fibrosis bulging into nucleus

Question 11

Describe a grade 4 intervertebral disc

Answer 11

Disk reduced in height + more pigmentation

Question 12

What is kyphosis

Answer 12

Humpback

Question 13

What is lordosis

Answer 13

Bending backwards

Question 14

What is scoliosis

Answer 14

Lateral curvature of the spine