resp onc 9 Flashcards
diffuse emphysema uniformly involving the lungs
panacinar emphysema except to see inc in ALT AST tooo
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with positive silver stain
e aspergillosis or pneumocystis jirovecii
FRC and RV in emphysema
increased values
disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol is an adverse effect associated with
metronidazole
SOB thick blood tinged sputum …. bilateral rhales and ronchi …. nasal polyps
bronchiectasis ,, bronchial walls have become thickened due to inflammation or infection
which lung volume change is similar in obstructive and restrive disease
both have decreased VC
what is IRV
the air that can be breathed in after normal quiet breathing
what is VC
IRV + TV + ERV
what happens to FRC in obs diesease
increased … ERV + RV = FRC ….. in obs disease the ERV andRV increase
when is it justified to withhold imp information from the patient
- if the physician has compelling evidence tht the news will cause serious harm to pt (depressed pt risk of suicide)
- making an informed choice for information to be withheld, pt must be capable of making decision
50 yr oild woman nagging cough …. occasional blood tinged sputum… dark coloured urine
mucosal ulcer in naris
granulomatosis with polyangiitis …. check for ANCAS
pt has asthma and allergies …. eosinophilia
churg straus … eosinophilic granulomatosis with poly
H1 receptors involved in allergies are important for ?
central located H1 play a role in alertness
unconciouss man pneumonia .,.,. intact immune system and has poor dentition
anaerobic oral bacteria like peptostreptococuss….. bacteroides and fusobactrium
txt with … clindamycin
mechanism of clindamycin
blocks peptide transfer at 50s
what is chloride shift
HCO3- diffuses out of the RBCs in exchange for Cl
CO2 enters RBC … CA makes H2CO3 ….. broken into HCO3 and H+
Ground glass opacities on chest x-ray with a past history of alveolar insult and a PaO2/FiO2 < 300
ARDS
which conditions can cause ARDS and explain the pathophysiology
mainly due to alveolar damage that releases IL 1 , increases vessel permeability and causes hyaline deposition
alveolar insult caused by pneumonia, trauma, pacreatitis and SEPSIS (most common)
honeycomb pattern on imaging due to enlarged air spaces surrounded by fibrotic tissue
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Resistance occurs via selection of mutant strains that underexpress KatG, which encodes the catalase peroxidases that are necessary to activate
isoniazid
acute otitis media and inaudible heart sounds to the left side … what could be the complication in this diisease
kartegener syndrome …. bronchiectasis
negative PPD … night sweats but NEGATIVE PPD what is the diagnosis
nocardia … tmp smx
This patient with NYHA class II heart failure presents with swelling of the lips, tongue, and face 3 days after starting a medication that prevents ventricular remodeling presents with swollen lips tongue and face … labored breathing not responsive to epinephrine or methylprednisolone
ACE I was give
bradykinin induced angiodema
confidence interval tells us
f CIs do not overlap, the means of the groups differ significantly. If the CIs overlap, a significant difference between the means of the two groups is less likely.
Quellung test result, which uses an anti-capsular antibody to elicit a “swelling” or “halo” surrounding the organism on microscopy
strept pneumo
optochin sens
chronic hypoxia what would happen in the kidney
release of cytokine EPO from interstitial cells
absolute vs relative erythrocytosis
relative is when rbc mass is normal in conditions like dehydration
define and classify secondary erythrocytosis
appropriate (hypoxemaia)
inappropriate —- EPO released from RCC HCC
Emphysema elastic recoil and compliance
low recoil due to damaged alveoli
increased compliance
varicella zoster vesicular rash or macular
vesicular
ntermittent wheezing, facial flushing, and diarrhea are symptoms of
carcinoid synd increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
Recurrent upper respiratory infections—coupled with a chronic cough with copious sputum, dyspnea, and hemoptysis
history of ectopic pregnancy
bronchiectasis,which encompasses the hallmark pulmonary manifestations of PCD
cutaneous manifestation in sarcoidosis
erythema nodosum
s (TMP-SMX) are the treatment of choice for pulmonary nocardiosis
inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase.
ymptoms of malaise, headaches, fever, chills, and a nonproductive cough—in combination with fluffy bilateral infiltrates seen on a chest x-ray
atypical pneumonia.. txt macrolides
which leukotrienes are bronchoconstrictors
LT C4, D4, E4
PGI2
inhibits platelet aggreggation
young boy underdevp tonsils, pneumonia
BTK gene mutated ,,, all ig classes are low
Subepithelial immune complex deposition is associated with
group-A streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Antibodies targeting the phospholipase A2 receptor
membranouis nephropathy
An enveloped RNA virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense, and non-segmented genome
corona virus common cold
non-enveloped RNA virus with a double-stranded, and segmented genome
reoviridae
non-enveloped RNA virus with a single stranded, positive-sense, and non-segmented genome
rhinovirus
β-Hemolytic and bacitracin sensitive
strept pyogenes
