biochem block 2 Flashcards
RNA splicing is posttranslation or posttranscription
posttranscription
statins mechanism
COMPETITIVELY inhibit HMGcoA reductase
HIV screening test
p24…. not for antibodies at they devlop after 3- 7 weeeeks
HIV screening test timeline
ELISA high sensitivity
Western blot high specificity
why can ELISA be postive in babies born to HIV mums
gp120 can cross placenta
absence of 3 alpha chains
HBH
absence of 2 B chains
b thalassemia
cis and trans mutation of alpha thalassemia wch one can lead to hydrops fetalis
trans cannot ( one allele on both chromosomes is abn)
b tubulin polymerization takes place in wch part of cell cycle
M phase mitosis
Huntington disease what technique to confirm diagnosis
southern blotting
describe southern blot
labeled DNA probe to DNA sequences
technique used to detect antibody or antigen in a sample
ELISA
where to the enzymes go in I cell disease
exocytosis
cis golgi to ER
COPI retrograde
ER to cis golgi
COPII anterograde
what hormone is increased in men with kleinfelter
LH loss of leydig cell function
which proteins are formed as inactive precursors and are cleaved into active
insulin and chymotrypsin
CAH 21 vs 11
21 hypotension — syncope due to hypotension
11 hypertension
dopamine hydroxylase need what coenzyme
vit c
cyanide poisoning mechanism
iron in cytochrome oxidase is modified in ETC and this halts cellular respiration
acrid smell on breath
cyanide poisoning
txt with hydroxycobalamin
cyanide poisoning
cyclophosphamide
DNA alkylator which is activated by cytp450
vincristine mechanism
also in M phase , binds to tubilin and stops microtubule formation ….. NO microtubules vs palitaxel which fixes microtubules
edwards most common cardiac malformations
VSD pulm and aortic valve
cleft lip, micropthalmia, mental retardation, cong heart disease
patau 13
acute intermittent porphyria
porphobilinogen deaminase def
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase def
porphyria cutanea tarda
buildup of uroporphyyrinogen III
where does urea cycle take place
initial steps in mitochondia and then cytosol
chloramphenicol mechanism and uses
blocks 50s petidyltransferase,
txt for meningtitis caused by h.ingluenza, strept pneumonia and nisseria
clindamycin
txt anaerobic above diaphragm
inhibit peptide movement from site A to site P
clindamycin
Biopterin
can be synthesied by ones body
non comp inhibitor means what ( km and vmax)
same km but diff v max
what technique is used to confirm hiv diagnosis
western blot
CD40 L
hyper igM
def of acetyl coa carboxylase
dysf of fatty acid syntehsis need malonym coA
what essential amino acid is used to make thyrpid hormone
phenylalanine (tyrosine residues)
detemine genotype of embryos
PCR— must amplify DNA
southern can only be used to detect DNA segemtns`
which substrate from TCA inhibits a rate limiting step in glycolysis and FA synthesis
citrate made from oxaloacetate
citrate can inhibit phosphofuctokinase
and it can activate acetyl coa carboxylase
CAH mnemonic
11,17 HYPERtension (1 in begining)
11,21 VIRILIZATION
what happens to HBS in times of crises
decreases affinity for oxygen …. shifts curve to right
calcium calmodulin complex activates what in smoooth muscle cell
myosin light chain kinase
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate
rate limiting step of glyolysis
PFK …… citrate can regulate this enzyme
alanin can regulate which enzyme in glycolysis
pyruvate kinase —– Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
what happens when ammonia levels are high
alpha ketogluterate is used to make glutamine
hallucinations delusions and dialated pupils
LSD
congenital pancytopenia, renal abn, polydactyly, microencephaly
fanconi anemia … treat with bone marrow transplant
which factor has a role in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathwy
factor 2
rate limiting step of renal gluconeogenesis
fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
pt has pancreatitis and blood appears milky what is the condition
type1 dyslipidemia, lipoprotein lipase def … this enzymes breaks down chylomicrons
what activates lipoprotein lipase
apo cII
failure of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow
diamond blackfan anemia
DNA repair defect causing what type of anemia
fanconi
drug inhibits cell in prophase
Therefore, a drug that inhibits the function of the microtubules, kinesins, kinetochores, or centromere would severely impair the assembly of the spindle apparatus and force the cells to arrest in prophase
