repro Flashcards
main artery of pelvis
internal iliac
main nerve of pelvis
pudendal S2 S4
which structure anchors testes to scrotum
guburaculum
gubernaclum forms what in females
ovarian ligament
round ligament
antiandrogen effect of spironolactone
inhibits steroid binding
ketoconazole as an antiandrogen
inhibits desmolase — steroid synthesis
watery cytoplasm
fried egg appearance
seminoma
oligodendroglioma
and koilocytes in HPV
schiller duval bodies resemble primitive glomeruli
yolk sac tumor
boys <3years
fried egg appearance and most common tumor
Seminoma
normla AFP
increase HCG , painful
glandular papilllary morphology
embryonal carcinoma
increase HCG
synchitrophoblasts
choriocarcinoma
placental alkaline phosphatase is increased in which testicular tumor
SEMINOMA
a mother with a previous history of intravenous drug use, no prenatal care, home birth, breastfeeding, and an extensive malar rash on baby
neonatal HIV
diarrhea and increase risk of infections
this baby had impetigo .. honey crusted … staph a
how to prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby
start intensive HAART
IV zidovudine from labour till birth
regulation of insulin secretion
glucose moves in via GLUT 2 beta cell
glucose metabolisd
ATP used to close ATP k+ channels
depo opens voltage sensitive calcium channels
lassic histology of a fibroma
collagen-rich spindle cells,
lapse vs slip error
lapse is an error due to memory .. for example if the surgeon forgot to identify the ureters during a hysterectomy
slip is a genuine mistake or mihap
nontender, homogenous right testicular enlargement on ultrasound and enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes on abdominal CT,
seminoma
small body size, microcephaly, low nasal bridge, cleft lip, hypoplasia of distal phalanges, nail hypoplasia, and hirsutism.
fetal hydantoin syndrome
use of phenytoin
syphilis treatment
penicillin G intramuscular
dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and an enlarged and soft uteru
adenomyosis
use during pregnancy is associated with aplasia cutis congenita, a disorder in which there is an absence of skin in infants.
methimazole
self feeding in a child by the age of
20 months
riding tricycle
3years
stacking 6 cubes
2 years
a child babbles but cannot talk
princer grasp
needs assistance to walk
plus stranger anxiety
about 15 months
stranger anxiety develops by 7-9 months
princer grasp with thumb and index by 10 moths
Rolling and sitting, but not crawling,
6 months
STI who do u treat partner only or both
BOTH
prostate develops from
urogenital sinus by DHT
25 year old woman
teaspoon thin white discharge
ph 4
epithelial cells with a few PMNs
NORMAL
placenta previa risk factors
prior c section
increased pregnancies
curettage
menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and a diffusely enlarged, soft “boggy” uterus on exam.
adenomyosis
microcephaly, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and a petechial rash
mopther had fever soar throat in early pregnancy
CMV
high-riding boggy prostate, a bloody urethral meatus, and a pelvic fracture.
post urethral injury
membranous part of urethra
oocytes rest in …. until ovulation
and in …… until fertilization
prophase I
metaphase II
16 weeks pregnant … results show an elevated α-fetoprotein level but normal estriol, β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and dimeric inhibin A levels.
Neural tube defects
remember when u see alpha feto protein and acetylcholinesterase
decreased a-fetoprotein, decreased estriol, increased inhibin A, and increased ß-hCG
down synd
comment on body temp in women
higher in luteal phase
progesterone
most common side effects assoc with fluoroquinolones
GI upset
diarrhea abd pain etc
female infant presents with ambiguous genitals, hypotension, and signs of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances, including a low bicarbonate concentration, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia
21 alpha hydrox def
accumulation of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
drug used to reduce uterine contractions or delay labour
terbutaline
B2 B1 agonist
increases protein kinas A
neonate has gross hepatosplenomegaly and ascites, as well as peripheral edema and purpura.
hydrops fetalis
Rh incompatibility
pregnant woman has gastric ulcers
she is prescribed a med that causes increased vaginal bleeding
misoprostol
PGE1 anologue
abortion med
helps gastric lining by increasing mucus production
mefiprestone mechanis,
progesterone antagonist
abortion drug
detrusor muscle weakness causes what type of urinary
overflow
bHCG is above 2000 and no gestational sac visible
ectopic pregnanc
overall healthy female … only has painful menses
primary dysmenorrhea
increased prostaglandin
what bacteria makes the majority of normal flora in vagina
gram+ve facultative anaerobe bacilli
LACTOBACILLUS
51 year old female post menopausal bleeding
firm yellow unilateral ovarian mass
thickened endometrial linning
granulosa cell tumor
secretes estrogen
call exner cells can be seen
describe high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
atypical cells occupy more than 1/3rd of the epithelium
BHCG is structurally similar to
LH FSH TSH … same alpha uni
pt has symptoms of cystic fibrosis but a negative chloride sweat test … what is the diagnosis
CF
negative sweat test does not ruloe out the condition
ovarian arteries originate from ….
abdominal aorta
carried in infundibulopelvic ligament
painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester,
smoking, HTN, cocaine use
abruptio placenta
fetal brady cardia and PAINLESS bleeding
vasa previa
umbilical cord plants into the membranes and is the presenting part of the pregnancy
Bilobed nuclei with bright pink granules on hematoxylin and eosin stain
eosinophils
parasites,allergicr reactions and asthma
segmented nucleus with three to five connected lobes with large, spherical, azurophilic granules a
neutrophils
bilobed nucleus and numerous blue to purple granules on hematoxylin and eosin stain
basophils
an off-center nucleus containing clock-face heterochromatin arrangements with perinuclear clearing called a Hoff.
plasma celsl
similar to size of erythrocytes but large nucleus
lymphocytes
abruptio placentae complications
DIC from tissue factor entering maternal circulation
maternal shock
fetal distress
vaginal ph with candida inf
<4.5
holoprosencephaly
trisomy 13
how to confirm diagnosis of preeclampsia
urinary protein check
new onset of hypertension 20 weeks of gestation
baby born with syndactyly
which gene is mutated
Hox genes come from a family of homeobox genes that encode transcription factors.
which HPV is assoc with warns in anogenital area
HOV 6 11
