renal anat histo Flashcards
pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios … what could be the cause embryologically
what makes the kidney
renal parenchyma except nephrons made from reteric bud
urine crystals are envelope shaped and dumbells
calcium stones … radioopaque
whxih cells secrete renin
juxtaglomerular cells in afferent artery
which cells sense low NA+
macula densa … at DCT
horse shoe kidneys get trapped by which artery
IMA
kindey location
T12 L3
the allantois and urachus form
median ligament
in minimal change disease disrtuption of which filtration barrier causes protein loss
negatively charged heapran sulfate that normall repels the negatively charged albumin
pt takes statins for cholesterol and drinks lots of orange jucie and grapefruit juice … develops muscle pain and strange urine colour ….
ATN … statins can cause rhabdomyolysis … myoglobin causes damage to the kidneuy especially PCT
thyroidization of the kidney
in chronic pyelonephritis
PSGN with infection timeline
1-2 weeks afeter upper resp
2-4eks after skin inf
mesangial deposits
IgA nephropathy
subendothelial deposits
DPGN
diarrhea leads to alkalosis or acidosis
non anion gap acidosis
whn is C1 complement found in afferent arteriole
membranous nephrilis and lupus
igM deposits seen in
FSGN
painless hematuria no casts what to look out for
TCC of bladder
pre renal azotemia is diagnosed by
urine osmolarity >500, salt<20, Fena <1 and BUN >20
ADPKD most common association
berry anneurysm
acute interstitial nephritis caused by
penicillin, pee (diuretics), PPI, Pain free (NSAIDs)
u suspect a child has minimal change disease what do u do
start steroids
25 years old male … thickening and splitting of basement membrane, granular C3 and IgG deposits ,,, electron mcrospy shows subendothelial depostis
membranoprolif nphritis
HIV pt what is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome
FSGS … similar effacement of foot proceses like MCD but has hyaline depostin tooo
B amyloid seen in wch disease
alzheimer
B2 macroglobulin
dialysis related amyloidosis
why are ACEi contraindicated in pregnancy
they cause renal agenesis … oligohydramnios
young healthy woman sudden onset of HTN … what should u consider
fibromuscular dysplasia
urease producing bacteria
klebsiella and proteus
loss of whch function involves fractures in CKD
low gfr… increased phosphate …. stimulates PTh
55 yr old pt … liver failure … low urine output … no hematuria or proteinuria .. wts happening
hepatorenal syndrome .. kidney is normal
hexagonal shape stone
cystine txt alkalize the urine
rhomboid stones
uric acid
envelope or dumbbell shape stones
calcium oxalate
coffin lid
ammoniuim magnesium
nonsulfonamyde na2kcl inhibitor
ethacrynic acid
what can be seen in renal artery stenosis
hypernatremia or hypokalemia
hypokalemia … due to actions of aldosterone
pt has turner wjhat is the most common renal abnormality and what should u monitor this pt for
horseshoe kidney …. check for UTIS
what cause squamous cell tumor of bladder
schistosoma hematobium … north Africa eg egpt
autoantibodies against type 4 collagen
goooood pasture … hematuria
maltose fermentation is characteristic for which bacteria
nisseria meningitidis
lactose fermenters
E.coli
what happens is salicylate toxicity
hyperv … low CO2…. resp alkalosis and metab acidosis
MUDPILES
methanol uremia diabetes ketoacidosis, paraformaldehyde, isoniazid, ethylene, salicylate
can prostate cancer present with voiding problems
no because the cancer grows in posterior lobes that doesn’t block the urethra…. BPH does present with urinary symptioms
