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usmle rx qbank > renal anat histo > Flashcards

renal anat histo Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios … what could be the cause embryologically
what makes the kidney

A

renal parenchyma except nephrons made from reteric bud

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2
Q

urine crystals are envelope shaped and dumbells

A

calcium stones … radioopaque

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3
Q

whxih cells secrete renin

A

juxtaglomerular cells in afferent artery

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4
Q

which cells sense low NA+

A

macula densa … at DCT

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5
Q

horse shoe kidneys get trapped by which artery

A

IMA

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6
Q

kindey location

A

T12 L3

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7
Q

the allantois and urachus form

A

median ligament

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8
Q

in minimal change disease disrtuption of which filtration barrier causes protein loss

A

negatively charged heapran sulfate that normall repels the negatively charged albumin

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9
Q

pt takes statins for cholesterol and drinks lots of orange jucie and grapefruit juice … develops muscle pain and strange urine colour ….

A

ATN … statins can cause rhabdomyolysis … myoglobin causes damage to the kidneuy especially PCT

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10
Q

thyroidization of the kidney

A

in chronic pyelonephritis

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11
Q

PSGN with infection timeline

A

1-2 weeks afeter upper resp

2-4eks after skin inf

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12
Q

mesangial deposits

A

IgA nephropathy

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13
Q

subendothelial deposits

A

DPGN

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14
Q

diarrhea leads to alkalosis or acidosis

A

non anion gap acidosis

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15
Q

whn is C1 complement found in afferent arteriole

A

membranous nephrilis and lupus

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16
Q

igM deposits seen in

A

FSGN

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17
Q

painless hematuria no casts what to look out for

A

TCC of bladder

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18
Q

pre renal azotemia is diagnosed by

A

urine osmolarity >500, salt<20, Fena <1 and BUN >20

19
Q

ADPKD most common association

A

berry anneurysm

20
Q

acute interstitial nephritis caused by

A

penicillin, pee (diuretics), PPI, Pain free (NSAIDs)

21
Q

u suspect a child has minimal change disease what do u do

A

start steroids

22
Q

25 years old male … thickening and splitting of basement membrane, granular C3 and IgG deposits ,,, electron mcrospy shows subendothelial depostis

A

membranoprolif nphritis

23
Q

HIV pt what is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome

A

FSGS … similar effacement of foot proceses like MCD but has hyaline depostin tooo

24
Q

B amyloid seen in wch disease

A

alzheimer

25
Q

B2 macroglobulin

A

dialysis related amyloidosis

26
Q

why are ACEi contraindicated in pregnancy

A

they cause renal agenesis … oligohydramnios

27
Q

young healthy woman sudden onset of HTN … what should u consider

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

28
Q

urease producing bacteria

A

klebsiella and proteus

29
Q

loss of whch function involves fractures in CKD

A

low gfr… increased phosphate …. stimulates PTh

30
Q

55 yr old pt … liver failure … low urine output … no hematuria or proteinuria .. wts happening

A

hepatorenal syndrome .. kidney is normal

31
Q

hexagonal shape stone

A

cystine txt alkalize the urine

32
Q

rhomboid stones

A

uric acid

33
Q

envelope or dumbbell shape stones

A

calcium oxalate

34
Q

coffin lid

A

ammoniuim magnesium

35
Q

nonsulfonamyde na2kcl inhibitor

A

ethacrynic acid

36
Q

what can be seen in renal artery stenosis

hypernatremia or hypokalemia

A

hypokalemia … due to actions of aldosterone

37
Q

pt has turner wjhat is the most common renal abnormality and what should u monitor this pt for

A

horseshoe kidney …. check for UTIS

38
Q

what cause squamous cell tumor of bladder

A

schistosoma hematobium … north Africa eg egpt

39
Q

autoantibodies against type 4 collagen

A

goooood pasture … hematuria

40
Q

maltose fermentation is characteristic for which bacteria

A

nisseria meningitidis

41
Q

lactose fermenters

A

E.coli

42
Q

what happens is salicylate toxicity

A

hyperv … low CO2…. resp alkalosis and metab acidosis

43
Q

MUDPILES

A

methanol uremia diabetes ketoacidosis, paraformaldehyde, isoniazid, ethylene, salicylate

44
Q

can prostate cancer present with voiding problems

A

no because the cancer grows in posterior lobes that doesn’t block the urethra…. BPH does present with urinary symptioms

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