resp and CNS pharm Flashcards
NANC neurons
non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons
What branch of the NS controls bronchial diameter?
ANS
What branch of the ANS contains NANCs?
Symp
The sympathetic branch of the ANS are broncho-_________?
dilators. So you can run away! (and breath!)
What does the parasympathetic arm do in the resp system?
broncho-con
inc mucus prod
muscarinic stim of irritant R stim p-symp
2 mains groups of bronchodilators are..
Adrenoreceptor agonists (symp agonist) and anticholinergics (psymp antag)
What adrenoreceptors are pharmalogically targeted for bronchodil?
B2, though many are unselective –> many side effects!
Where is B2 adrenorec found?
- skel m
- cardiac m
- bonchioles
- GIT
- Liver
What are the general actions of B-adrenorec activation?
- cardiac stim
- smooth m relax
- bronchodilation
Why is B2 the desired adrenorec?
B1 has more CV effects, such as inc HR and SV
B1 Agonists actions?
- ^ HR/contractility/conduction velocity
- increased release of renin
B2 agonist actions?
smooth m relax (bronchioles and GIT)
inc renin secretion
inhib insulin and histamine release
Name a B2 selective agonist
Terbutaline.
- highly selective, exc unchanged
Anticholinergic actions are?
- reduce irritation response
- bronchodil
- BAD:
- inc HR
- dry mm
- red GIT motility
- mydriasis
- hypertension
Name an inhaled anticholinergic
Ipratropium. Topical, so fewer side effects
Receptors which will cause bronchoconstriction
- Adrenoreceptor antag
- Parasymp agonists
- Cholinergics (indirect)
What are sympathetic antagonists usually used for?
Cardiac arrhythmias (b blockers)
What are parasymp agonists usually used for?
- to inc smooth m contraction - bladder atony
* to cause miosis - glaucoma drainage
Describe the action of methylxanthines, unknown reason for bronchodil
- PDE inhib
- inc cAMP
- smooth m relax
- mild pos inotropy
- Theophylline
Why are anti-tussives often not recommended?
- opoids as need to depress medulla
- cough = protective
- also supresses CV system etc
- codeine
When woudl exogenous surfactant be used?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
What are mucolytics for?
To make mucus runny
What are other ways of removing XS mucus?
Coupage
Steam
Anti-histamines dont have decongestant effect in animals, how else can we reduced nasal mucosal inflammation?
Sympathomimetics
What are sympathomimetics?
Phenylepiphrine.
Adrenorec agonist
Name a drug that stimulates the respiratory centre, used in neonates.
Doxapram.
How does doxapram work?
- Inc chemorec sensitivity to CO2
- inc RR
- adrenaline rush –> beware cardiac arrhythm
- doxapram + opoids = seizures
What is miosis?
pupil constriction
What is mydriasis?
Pupil dilation
