resp and CNS pharm

Question 1

NANC neurons

Answer 1

non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons

Question 2

What branch of the NS controls bronchial diameter?

Answer 2

ANS

Question 3

What branch of the ANS contains NANCs?

Answer 3

Symp

Question 4

The sympathetic branch of the ANS are broncho-_________?

Answer 4

dilators. So you can run away! (and breath!)

Question 5

What does the parasympathetic arm do in the resp system?

Answer 5

broncho-con
inc mucus prod

muscarinic stim of irritant R stim p-symp

Question 6

2 mains groups of bronchodilators are..

Answer 6

Adrenoreceptor agonists (symp agonist) and anticholinergics (psymp antag)

Question 7

What adrenoreceptors are pharmalogically targeted for bronchodil?

Answer 7

B2, though many are unselective –> many side effects!

Question 8

Where is B2 adrenorec found?

Answer 8

• skel m
• cardiac m
• bonchioles
• GIT
• Liver

Question 9

What are the general actions of B-adrenorec activation?

Answer 9

• cardiac stim
• smooth m relax
• bronchodilation

Question 10

Why is B2 the desired adrenorec?

Answer 10

B1 has more CV effects, such as inc HR and SV

Question 11

B1 Agonists actions?

Answer 11

• ^ HR/contractility/conduction velocity

- increased release of renin

Question 12

B2 agonist actions?

Answer 12

smooth m relax (bronchioles and GIT)
inc renin secretion

inhib insulin and histamine release

Question 13

Name a B2 selective agonist

Answer 13

Terbutaline.

- highly selective, exc unchanged

Question 14

Anticholinergic actions are?

Answer 14

• reduce irritation response
• bronchodil
• BAD:
• inc HR
• dry mm
• red GIT motility
• mydriasis
• hypertension

Question 15

Name an inhaled anticholinergic

Answer 15

Ipratropium. Topical, so fewer side effects

Question 16

Receptors which will cause bronchoconstriction

Answer 16

1. Adrenoreceptor antag
2. Parasymp agonists
3. Cholinergics (indirect)

Question 17

What are sympathetic antagonists usually used for?

Answer 17

Cardiac arrhythmias (b blockers)

Question 18

What are parasymp agonists usually used for?

Answer 18

• to inc smooth m contraction - bladder atony

* to cause miosis - glaucoma drainage

Question 19

Describe the action of methylxanthines, unknown reason for bronchodil

Answer 19

• PDE inhib
• inc cAMP
• smooth m relax
• mild pos inotropy
• Theophylline

Question 20

Why are anti-tussives often not recommended?

Answer 20

• opoids as need to depress medulla
• cough = protective
• also supresses CV system etc
• codeine

Question 21

When woudl exogenous surfactant be used?

Answer 21

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Question 22

What are mucolytics for?

Answer 22

To make mucus runny

Question 23

What are other ways of removing XS mucus?

Answer 23

Coupage

Steam

Question 24

Anti-histamines dont have decongestant effect in animals, how else can we reduced nasal mucosal inflammation?

Answer 24

Sympathomimetics

Question 25

What are sympathomimetics?

Answer 25

Phenylepiphrine.

Adrenorec agonist

Question 26

Name a drug that stimulates the respiratory centre, used in neonates.

Answer 26

Doxapram.

Question 27

How does doxapram work?

Answer 27

• Inc chemorec sensitivity to CO2
• inc RR
• adrenaline rush –> beware cardiac arrhythm
• doxapram + opoids = seizures

Question 28

What is miosis?

Answer 28

pupil constriction

Question 29

What is mydriasis?

Answer 29

Pupil dilation