export_cnslp lectures (1) Flashcards
Name the 3 hypothalamic regions
- CD = Mammillary
- Intermediate = tuberal
- R = chiasmatic
Supraopt & Preoptic
What is the purpose of the CD hypothal group?
mamm bodies
smell
what is the fct of the intermediate group?
connect post pit gland to infundibulum.
VMH, DMH, ARC, LHA
What is the fct of the supraoptic nuc?
PVN & SON go to post pit gland, AHN and SCN
what is the fct of the preoprtic?
part of the hypothalamus
What nuclei control GI stim
dorsomed nuc
Where in the hypo is hunger and satiety controlled?
hunger - lateral hypo area
satiety - ventromed
What is the paraventricular nucleus responsible for?
Oxytocin release and water conservation
What is the supraoptic chiasmic nuc job?
ADH release
how do hypothalamic hormones arrive at pit gland
- ANT pit = n-horm into cap (1) then pituitary hormones released into cap (2) = portal venous system
- POST pit = n-horm into cap
what hormones are prod by the ant pit?
FLAT PiG
what is the role of the mamillary bodies?
smell and feeding
what is themain role of the nuclei in the tuberal/intermediate region of the hypothal?
feeding
where is temperature regulation in thehypo?
supraoptic chiasmic area, in AHN
what area controls cardiac fct?
preoptic chiasmic
what is the periventricular nuclei role?
fear, reward…
what is the purpose of the limbic system?
homeostasis
motivation
emotion
(inc olfaction)
What are the main componants of the limbic system?
hippocampus; hypothal; amygdala; basal ganglia; anterior thalamic nuc and paraolfactory
what is the reticular formation?
sensory info being recieved prevents sleep. RF in brainstem by pons and projects into cerebral cortex
if the LHA (later hypoth area) is lesioned, what happens?
stupor and cataplezy
where is orexin produced?
LHA
what is orexin?
causes arousal and waking. R found extensivley.
what are the 2 pos causes of narcolepsy?
orexin R abnormality (LAB) abnormal orexin (dobies)
Appeitie sensors inhibit satiety, T or F?
F
what is the glucostat theory?
that hunger depends on blood glucose. eg hunger = high, then bglucose will be low
what is the lipostat theory of appetite?
fat produces leptin which has R in brain. HIgh leptin = high fat = fat needs to decrease
Does leptin stimulate neurones which inhibit or stim feeding?
Inhibits
Eating i sassoc with dopamine release. Why does obesity lead to desensitisation?
Inc Dopam release, causes decreased number of receptors
NAme the 3 lobes of the cerebellum
Rost
Cd
(both = motor control)
Flocculonodular (balance)
What is the main purpose of the cerebllum?
refine movement
balance
coord
what are the pyramindal tracts involved in?
skilled
learned
vol
what are the extra-pyramidal tracts involved in?
invol
antigravity
posture
hw does the cerebellum act to amend improper movenment
fback to red nucleus (EP tract)
thalamus
LMN
–> not as efficient with rapid movement (practice)
What is the cerebellum, pyramida and extrapyramidal tracts part of?
UMN groups
Perkinje axons, in the arbor vitae synapse where?
deep cerebellar nuc in deep grey matter
what do the cerebellar peduncles do?
Cd - afferent –> cerebellum (vestib, proprioceptors)
Mid - UMN from cerebr cortex –> cerebellum
Cr - Efferent from cerebell –> red nuclei and thalamus
what is learning?
change in behaviour –> reward or avoidance
what are the 2 forms of memory
declarative
procedural
where is STM help?
hippcampus
where is LTM help?
cerebral cortex
where is working memory held?
prefrontal cortex
whatis cognition?
ability to think and plan and make behavioural changes
why is aggression seen in CDS?
imbalance of 5HT and ACh
what are the 3 main neuro-biological causes of Alzeimers?
- brain atrophy
- B-amyloid plaques
- N-fibrillary tangles
describe the process of neurogenesis
- ventricular zone (stem cells)
- cell bodies –> grey matter
- axons –> white matter of marginal zone
- diffferentiate
what stimulates n-genesis?
enrichment brain activity
where is balance control based in cerebellum?
flocculonodular lobe
what is NPY
appetite stim, LHA mainly
what is melanocortin
appetite suppressant
what is adiponectin?
released by fat cells in skinny animals to stim feeding
where are leptin R ?
arc nucleus
