Fish Flashcards
what are teleost fish?
bony fish
what does protandrous mean?
male –> female
name 3 allowed methods of euthanasia of fish in UK
concussion
pithing
OD of anaesthetic
how can you tell a fish is dead?
tail reflex
what mineral is commonly used to treat disease
Cu (will kill any invertebrates eg shrimp)
why are rainbow trout a reserchers fave
confident, behaviour normally whilst being observed
what conditions do trout like
freshwater tho bc steel head (marine)
want fast flow
and voracious so need good filter!
how do you ID the dominant trout?
paler and larger
what characteristic do common carp have which is better than trout
social, nonaggressibe
how are sea bass farmed
sea cages, min aggression, Northern hemi
why is filtration necessary
ammonia build up in water
ammonia is released from gills and urine
solid waste –> ammonia too!
name 3 types of filtration
mechanical
chemical
biological
describe breifly how chemical filters work
carbon granules removes phenols; zeolite remove ammonia and phosphates prevent algae
describe breifly how biological filters work
remove ammonia (ammonia oxidising and nitrite oxidising bacteria) 40d to mature but last forever (if mechanical filter cleaned!)
describe breifly how mechanical filters work
trap solid waste
heterotrophic bacteria release ammonia and mineralises it
uses oxygen!
name 3 types of fish stocking systems
open - flows all way through
closed - goldfish
semiclosed - some flow through, some filtered
name the fins on the body
dorsal pectoral anal pelvic caudal
name the types of fin
spines
rays
how does the lateral line work
cupula organ, as in ear, senses movement and stim nerveq
what is the lateral line
organ to detect direction and speed of water and pressure
name some types of mouth
inferior
terminal
superior
protrusal
name some types of caudal fin
heterocercal
protocercal
homocercal
what is the swim bladder for
buoyancy
relaxes to enlarge - float
what are the scale types in teleost fish ( bony)
ctenoid and cycloid
what are muscles of the fishes trunk called?
myotomes include smooth and skeletal sep by CT
hepaxial and epaxial m
Most fish (except sharks and tuna) have white muscle mainly, how does white muscle vary from red?
less myoglobin
low lipid
quick bursts
slow recovery
what do the gills excrete
cortisol and ammonia
