Fish

Question 1

what are teleost fish?

Answer 1

bony fish

Question 2

what does protandrous mean?

Answer 2

male –> female

Question 3

name 3 allowed methods of euthanasia of fish in UK

Answer 3

concussion
pithing
OD of anaesthetic

Question 4

how can you tell a fish is dead?

Answer 4

tail reflex

Question 5

what mineral is commonly used to treat disease

Answer 5

Cu (will kill any invertebrates eg shrimp)

Question 6

why are rainbow trout a reserchers fave

Answer 6

confident, behaviour normally whilst being observed

Question 7

what conditions do trout like

Answer 7

freshwater tho bc steel head (marine)
want fast flow
and voracious so need good filter!

Question 8

how do you ID the dominant trout?

Answer 8

paler and larger

Question 9

what characteristic do common carp have which is better than trout

Answer 9

social, nonaggressibe

Question 10

how are sea bass farmed

Answer 10

sea cages, min aggression, Northern hemi

Question 11

why is filtration necessary

Answer 11

ammonia build up in water
ammonia is released from gills and urine
solid waste –> ammonia too!

Question 12

name 3 types of filtration

Answer 12

mechanical
chemical
biological

Question 13

describe breifly how chemical filters work

Answer 13

carbon granules removes phenols; zeolite remove ammonia and phosphates prevent algae

Question 14

describe breifly how biological filters work

Answer 14

remove ammonia (ammonia oxidising and nitrite oxidising bacteria)
40d to mature but last forever (if mechanical filter cleaned!)

Question 15

describe breifly how mechanical filters work

Answer 15

trap solid waste
heterotrophic bacteria release ammonia and mineralises it
uses oxygen!

Question 16

name 3 types of fish stocking systems

Answer 16

open - flows all way through
closed - goldfish
semiclosed - some flow through, some filtered

Question 17

name the fins on the body

Answer 17

dorsal
pectoral
anal
pelvic
caudal

Question 18

name the types of fin

Answer 18

spines

rays

Question 19

how does the lateral line work

Answer 19

cupula organ, as in ear, senses movement and stim nerveq

Question 20

what is the lateral line

Answer 20

organ to detect direction and speed of water and pressure

Question 21

name some types of mouth

Answer 21

inferior
terminal
superior
protrusal

Question 22

name some types of caudal fin

Answer 22

heterocercal
protocercal
homocercal

Question 23

what is the swim bladder for

Answer 23

buoyancy

relaxes to enlarge - float

Question 24

what are the scale types in teleost fish ( bony)

Answer 24

ctenoid and cycloid

Question 25

what are muscles of the fishes trunk called?

Answer 25

myotomes include smooth and skeletal sep by CT

hepaxial and epaxial m

Question 26

Most fish (except sharks and tuna) have white muscle mainly, how does white muscle vary from red?

Answer 26

less myoglobin
low lipid
quick bursts
slow recovery

Question 27

what do the gills excrete

Answer 27

cortisol and ammonia