export_pharm pns Flashcards
What is the use of Adrenaline?
- resuss
- offset histamine release effect post-anaphylaxis
- improve cardiac output and flow
- bronchodil poss
What is Atenolol?
b-blocker; b1 selective
What is the use of b blockers such as atenolol?
- tachycard
- hyperthyroidism
- HCM
- hypertension
Name a a-2 antagonist?
Atipamezole
What is atipamezole?
a2 adreno antagonist
- reversal of sedation/analgesia = medetomidine
- only given 30mins AFTER sedation (cats) to avoid over ‘excitation’/crazy cat
Name a drug that could inhibit ACh
Atracurium
What are the uses of Atracurium
- block ACh
- make IPPV easier
- suitable for renal/hepatic disease
What does atropine act on?
Block ACh at Musc R
- mydriasis
- tachy
- bronchodil
- inhib GI
Name the primary use of Bethanecol
Bladder tone
How does Bethanecol work?
- inc bladder detrusor tone and function, doesn’t work if areflexive
How would you treat Bethanecol (ACh Mus agonist)
Atropine can reverse effect
What is Butylscopolamine?
antag of ACh Musc R (GIT and UT). can control D+ and bladder pain
What is Carvedilol used for?
non-selective B blocker
What is cis-atracurium?
isomer. inhib ACh Nic R
- Neuro-musc blockade in GA
Name a direct B-2 agonist, begining with C?
Clenbuterol
What is clenbbuterol commonly used for?
Bronchodil in horses; more potent than epinephrine and salbutamol
What possible side effects might an B2 agonist give?
tachy card
muscle tremors
smooth m relax
What is the purpose of Clonidine?
To stim GnRH release
Detomidine is a…?
A2 agonist
- can be analgesic, sedative
- reduces excitatory response
Medetomidine is a..?
A2 agonist
- analgesia
- sedation
- m relaxation
What is the purpose of using Dexmed + ket?
short (30m) of surgical anaesthesia (cats only)
what is the significance of dexmedatomidine and medatomidine?
dex is 2x more potent
If dex/med reversed w/ atipamezole what is required?
Analgesia!
What are the main side effects of medetomidine?
- peri vasocon
- bradycardia
- RR falls but depth inc (hyperpnoeic)
Dobutamine is a ____ agonist?
B1 agonist
also synthetic catecholamine
with B2 and A1 effects
B1 selective agonists are used to treat…
cardiac failure, hypotensive,bradycardia
What is dopamine?
endogenous catecholamine; precursor of NA
Why is dopamine used?
tx shock
support systolic fct
vasodil, inc contractility
Edrophonium is a?
comp inhib AChE
Why is a AChE inhib useful?
to diag myasthenia gravis
tx atrial tachycardia
Name a very short acting b blocker
Esmolol
What B R does Esmolol target?
B1
Glycopyrronium reverses the parasympathetic effect at musc R. What uses has it?
- decrease oral/bronchal secretions
- longer acting than atropine and preferred in rabbits
- inhib bradycardia caused by opioids
What is Isoxoprine?
B2 R agonist
laminitis/nevicular disease tx
What is Neostigmine used for?
inc action of ACh at NMJ
What are the benefits of Neostigmine?
- polar - low CNS penetration
- long acting
- can diag myaesthenia gravis
What is the purpose of OPs in cats/dogs?
- inhib AChE
- irreversible binding
- antihelmintics
- poisoning - myscle fasciulations, convulsions
What is pancuronium?
ACh inhib
Phenoxybenzamine is
irreversible blocker of A-R
Phenylephrine is?
A1 agonist
- dilate iris
- hypotension tx
- mydriasis
Pilocarpine
stim cholinergic R
What does pilocarpine cause?
miosis
improved aq flow
glaucoma tx
Prazosin is a B1 antagonist used to treat
CHF secondary to mitral valve regurg
Propanthaline is a
musc antag to treat bradycardia, incontinence and spasmodic GI upset
Propanalol is used for
cardic arrhyth
anxiety
Pyridostigmine
reversible ACh inhib; longer DOA than neostigmine
Romifidine is same family of xylazine and detomidine, what is it?
A2 agonist, causes less ataxia
Salbutamol causes
smooth m relaxation and bronchodil
Suxamethonium is used for laryngeal analgesia in …
cats, rabbits and primates
Terbutaline stim bronchodil, what R does it agonise?
B2
Tropicamide inhib ACh at the ciliary body, what does it cause?
mydriasis and cycloplegia. NOT TO TX GLAUCOMA
Vecuronium acts to _____ ACh
inhibits.
Xylasine is..NO LONGER REALLY USED. SEDATIVE
replaced by medetomidine
