Research Methods

Question 1

What is random allocation?

Answer 1

assigning participants to experimental and control groups randomly to be fair

Question 2

What is a questionaire?

Answer 2

a set of questions designed to collect self report data

Question 3

What is a research hypothesis?

Answer 3

a prediction on how variables will interaction with eachother

a testable theory

Question 4

What is a variable?

Answer 4

a measurable thing than can change in type and quantity

Question 5

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 5

any variable but IV that has an unwanted effect on the DV

makes it hard to determine what variable changed the DV

Question 6

What is an independent groups design?

Answer 6

where participants are randomly allocated to two or more separate conditions

Question 7

Whats a matched participants design?

Answer 7

where participants in each condition match or have similar characteristics to the participants in other conditions

Question 8

What is an independent variable?

Answer 8

a variable manipulated/changed by the researcher

tests the effects on the DV

Question 9

What is external validity?

Answer 9

the extent of how well the results of the experiment can be generalised to the population

population includes sample and outer community

Question 10

What is convenience sampling?

Answer 10

selecting participants who are readily available without attempting to make a sample of greater population

harder to generalise

Question 11

What is population?

Answer 11

the large group from which the sample is selected from

results will be generalised to that particular population

Question 12

What is sampling?

Answer 12

process of selecting participants from population

Question 13

What is qualitative data?

Answer 13

Data about qualities or characteristics of participants experiences of the study

Question 14

What is a repeated measure design?

Answer 14

each participant is in both experiment and control groups

Question 15

What is an experimental group?

Answer 15

participants are being tested/exposed with the IV

Question 16

What is a representative sample?

Answer 16

a sample that approximately is similar to the targeted population

Question 17

What is generalisation?

Answer 17

how widely the results of an experiment can be applied to the targeted population

Question 18

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 18

dividing population into 2 groups, then dividing those groups again to achieve a sample

Question 19

What is the mean?

Answer 19

the mathematic average of all the scores in the results

Question 20

What is research merit and integrity?

Answer 20

refers to research that is worthwhile scientifically and conducted with genuinely for scientific commitment

Question 21

What is quantitive data?

Answer 21

numerical data on the quantity of whats being studied

Question 22

What is internal validity?

Answer 22

how accurate the results are because of the variables that were tested

Question 23

What is reliability?

Answer 23

how consistent, stable, and dependable the results are

Question 24

What is validity?

Answer 24

how well the procedure used to research measured what they wanted to study

Question 25

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 25

any variable other than IV than can change the DV and create unwanted results

Question 26

What is the control group?

Answer 26

the group in an experiment not tested on/exposed to IV used for comparison for experimental group

Question 27

What is the dependant variable?

Answer 27

the variable that changes because of the IV used to measure the effects

Question 28

What is the conclusion?

Answer 28

a decision made about the meaning of the results

Question 29

What are measures of variation?

Answer 29

a score indicating how widely scores are spread in reference to a central point

Question 30

What is random sampling?

Answer 30

giving every member of population an equal chance of being selected as a participant

Question 31

What is operationalising?

Answer 31

explaining how to use procedures to measure IV and DV

Question 32

What are standardised instructions?

Answer 32

identical instructions are given to participants

Question 33

What is a placebo?

Answer 33

in fake substance or treatment designed to make people think they're getting treated for real

Question 34

What is the experimenter effect?

Answer 34

unwanted influence on the results because of the research themselves

Question 35

What are standardized procedures?

Answer 35

use the of the same procedures for participants

Question 36

What is counterbalancing?

Answer 36

changing the order or treatment/tasks in a balanced way to counter unwanted effects on performance in conditions

Question 37

What is an observational study?

Answer 37

collecting data by watching or recording behaviours of participants subjective measure

Question 38

What is a self report

Answer 38

the writing or spoken responses to questions/statements from participants subjective and can be biased

Question 39

What is an interview?

Answer 39

questions asked by a researcher to get self report data can be structured or semistrcutered, maybe not at all

Question 40

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 40

observing a behaviour in its natural state/environment

Question 41

What are inferential statistics?

Answer 41

mathematic procedure to interpret results

Question 42

whats a double blind procedure?

Answer 42

when the participants and the researcher involved with them are unaware of the conditions they'll be experimented on

Question 43

what is a single blind procedure

Answer 43

a procedure where participants arent aware of what condition they're part of and what experimental treatment they'll have

Question 44

What is standard deviation?

Answer 44

describes how far a set of scores are set out or deviate from the mean of those scores

Question 45

What are descriptive statistics?

Answer 45

mathematical procedures that analyse, summarise and present results

Question 46

What is the cohort effect?

Answer 46

the participants thoughts/feelings/behaviours that attribute to age specific or population wide experiences

Question 47

What is a cross sectional study?

Answer 47

the selection and comparison of groups of participants on specific variables?

Question 48

What is the order effect?

Answer 48

when participant responses alter the DV because of the specific order the experiment was conducted

Question 49

What is a measure of central tendancy?

Answer 49

The central value of all the scores

Question 50

What is a biased sample

Answer 50

a sample where certain people were selected so may not represent population as fairly