reproductive systems, hormonal control and adaptations Flashcards
what is sexual maturity
when animal has reached an age where it produces gametes and is capable of reproducing
how are female gametes produced
through the process of oogenesis
how are male gametes produced
through spermatogenesis
what does spermatogenesis mean
males can continuously produce sperm throughout their life
what does polyoestrous mean
you can become fertile more than once per year
what animals are polyoestrous
cattle,pigs,mice
what does seasonally oestrous mean
have more than once oestrous cycle, but only during certain periods of the year
what animals are seasonally oestrous
horses, sheep, goats,deer
what does monoestrous mean
have one oestrous cycle every year
what animals are monoestrous
foxes, dogs, wolves, bears
what happens during pro-oestrous
follicle enlarges, decreases in progesterone levels lead to an increase in oestrogen
what happens during oestrous
oestrogen increases along with LH and FSH, leading to ovulation
what happens during meteoestrous
the corpus luteum starts to decay which increases progesterone levels. This inhibits oestrogen and the levels drop
what happens during dioestrous
levels of progesterone peak
what is prostaglandin
active hormone during the menstrual cycle
what is the function of prostaglandin
causes muscle contraction in the uterus to expel the uterus lining
what is progesterone secreted by
by the corpus lutenum
when is progesterone secreted
during the second half of the menstrual cycle
where is progesterone secreted
in the ovary
what is the corpus lutenum
temporary structure in the ovary which develops from the ovarium follicle following ovulation
functions of progesterone prior to implantation
-stimulates growth of vessels which supply the endometrium
-stimulates nutrients
-prepares the uterus lining
functions of progesterone during pregnancy
-aids development of the foetus
-prevents lactation
-stimulates growth of maternal breast tissue
-strengthens pelvic wall muscles
where is oxytocin released from
posterior pituitary gland
when is oxytocin released
during parturition (birth)
why is oxytocin released
in response to engagement of the foetus with the cervix
what does oxytocin do during birth
stimulates and enhances the contractions of the uterus
what does oxytocin do after birth
stimulates milk
what does prostaglandin do
aids in the dilation of the cervix and uterine contractions
what is prolactin released by
anterior pituitary gland
what is the function of prolactin
initiate and maintain milk production
