reproductive systems, hormonal control and adaptations

Question 1

what is sexual maturity

Answer 1

when animal has reached an age where it produces gametes and is capable of reproducing

Question 2

how are female gametes produced

Answer 2

through the process of oogenesis

Question 3

how are male gametes produced

Answer 3

through spermatogenesis

Question 4

what does spermatogenesis mean

Answer 4

males can continuously produce sperm throughout their life

Question 5

what does polyoestrous mean

Answer 5

you can become fertile more than once per year

Question 6

what animals are polyoestrous

Answer 6

cattle,pigs,mice

Question 7

what does seasonally oestrous mean

Answer 7

have more than once oestrous cycle, but only during certain periods of the year

Question 8

what animals are seasonally oestrous

Answer 8

horses, sheep, goats,deer

Question 9

what does monoestrous mean

Answer 9

have one oestrous cycle every year

Question 10

what animals are monoestrous

Answer 10

foxes, dogs, wolves, bears

Question 11

what happens during pro-oestrous

Answer 11

follicle enlarges, decreases in progesterone levels lead to an increase in oestrogen

Question 12

what happens during oestrous

Answer 12

oestrogen increases along with LH and FSH, leading to ovulation

Question 13

what happens during meteoestrous

Answer 13

the corpus luteum starts to decay which increases progesterone levels. This inhibits oestrogen and the levels drop

Question 14

what happens during dioestrous

Answer 14

levels of progesterone peak

Question 15

what is prostaglandin

Answer 15

active hormone during the menstrual cycle

Question 16

what is the function of prostaglandin

Answer 16

causes muscle contraction in the uterus to expel the uterus lining

Question 17

what is progesterone secreted by

Answer 17

by the corpus lutenum

Question 18

when is progesterone secreted

Answer 18

during the second half of the menstrual cycle

Question 19

where is progesterone secreted

Answer 19

in the ovary

Question 20

what is the corpus lutenum

Answer 20

temporary structure in the ovary which develops from the ovarium follicle following ovulation

Question 21

functions of progesterone prior to implantation

Answer 21

-stimulates growth of vessels which supply the endometrium
-stimulates nutrients
-prepares the uterus lining

Question 22

functions of progesterone during pregnancy

Answer 22

-aids development of the foetus
-prevents lactation
-stimulates growth of maternal breast tissue
-strengthens pelvic wall muscles

Question 23

where is oxytocin released from

Answer 23

posterior pituitary gland

Question 24

when is oxytocin released

Answer 24

during parturition (birth)

Question 25

why is oxytocin released

Answer 25

in response to engagement of the foetus with the cervix

Question 26

what does oxytocin do during birth

Answer 26

stimulates and enhances the contractions of the uterus

Question 27

what does oxytocin do after birth

Answer 27

stimulates milk

Question 28

what does prostaglandin do

Answer 28

aids in the dilation of the cervix and uterine contractions

Question 29

what is prolactin released by

Answer 29

anterior pituitary gland

Question 30

what is the function of prolactin

Answer 30

initiate and maintain milk production