reproductive systems and development Flashcards
—which hormone controls reproductive cycles in males?
androgens
which hormone controls reproductive cycles in females?
estrogens
adrenal glands produce small amounts of both sex hormones, and then…
the gonads start producing a much larger amount of gender-specific sex hormones at puberty
the purpose for the structure of male land animal’s reproductive system?
sperm need to be transferred internally (they die if exposed to air) AND testes are outside the body because the temperature required for sperm production does not match body temp
in females, urinary system and reproductive system are
separate
hormone controls in males: 1 hypothalamus
releases GnRH which controls the entire reproductive cycle
hormone controls in males: 2 stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete which hormones
-FSH and LH
hormone controls in males: 3. LH (luteinizing hormone) promotes…
testosterone production, which encourages sperm production
hormone controls in males: 4. FSH promotes…
sperm nourishment
hormone controls in males: negative feedback
high levels of androgens inhibit GnRH, FSH, and LH release. this prevents androgen levels from getting too high (too much testosterone lowers sperm count)
in females, the bladder and urethra are
separate from the reproductive system
cervix function:
seals off uterus and traps embryo inside
female reproductivity is based on
cycles
ovarian cycles occurs where?
occurs in ovaries
menstrual/uterine cycles occur where?
uterus
ovarian cycle: 1 Hypothalamus releases…
GnRH which controls the entire reproductive cycle
ovarian cycle: 2 stimulates ____ pituitary to secrete…
anterior pituitary; FSH and LH
ovarian cycle: 3 FSH stimulates ____ and ____ to mature
follicle and egg
ovarian cycle: 4 maturing follicle begins producing
estradiol
ovarian cycle: 5 increasing estradiol levels cause spike in…
LH (luteinizing hormone)
ovarian cycle: 6 luteinizing hormone spikes causes…
egg to be released from follicle (ovulation)
ovarian cycle: 7 swollen follicle had been…
on the surface of the ovary
ovarian cycle: 8 luteinizing hormones stimulates remaining follicle cells to secrete
progesterone and estradiol
uterine cycle: 9 progesterone and estradiol stimulate thickening of …
uterine wall
-increase in blood vessels
-preparing for embryo implantation