ch. 1-3

Question 1

emergent properties:

Answer 1

things you cannot predict by looking at pieces

Question 2

reductionism

Answer 2

breaks complex systems down into parts

Question 3

holism

Answer 3

Some things you cannot learn by looking at pieces; the whole is more than the sum of its parts

Question 4

structure and ____ are closely connected

Answer 4

function

Question 5

instruction for life is stored in

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

section of DNA is called

Answer 6

a gene

Question 7

____ and passed between generations and interact to create physical traits

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

energy creates ____ due to inefficiency

Answer 8

heat

Question 9

levels of interactions in biology

Answer 9

atoms, molecules, cells, organs, organisms, ecosystems, landscapes

Question 10

_____ explains unity and diversity

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

although life shares the same traits (DNA, Cells) there is diversity in…

Answer 11

the way you can arrange the cells

Question 12

natural selection explains unity or diversity?

Answer 12

diversity

Question 13

empirical evidence is based on

Answer 13

observations

Question 14

sciences uses ________ to answer questions

Answer 14

empirical evidence

Question 15

a hypothesis must be:

Answer 15

1. testable
2. falsifiable

Question 16

hypothesis is used to make…

Answer 16

predictions

Question 17

a hypothesis can be proven (T or F)

Answer 17

false: it can never be proven, only supported

Question 18

controlled variable

Answer 18

kept the same in all parts of the study

Question 19

how to make it easier to determine which variables are important?

Answer 19

control as many variables as possible

Question 20

independent variable

Answer 20

what we change

Question 21

dependent variable

Answer 21

what we measure (depends on how we change the IV)

Question 22

experimental studies are conducted in ___ environments?

Answer 22

controlled

Question 23

control group

Answer 23

subjects are not exposed to experimental treatment

Question 24

experimental group

Answer 24

everything is same as control except experimental variable

Question 25

scientific method

Answer 25

Observation – question – hypothesis- prediction – experiment – analyze – either report or redo

Question 26

scientific theory

Answer 26

well supported idea of how the natural world works

Question 27

can we prove a theory wrong?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

a theory must be

Answer 28

falsifiable

Question 29

weight of protons and neutrons

Answer 29

1 amu

Question 30

atomic number is the number of

Answer 30

protons

Question 31

isotopes have the same number of ____ but different _____

Answer 31

protons, neutrons

Question 32

higher orbitals =

Answer 32

higher energy

Question 33

atoms want to have a full....

Answer 33

valence shell

Question 34

electrons ___ energy when moving away from the nucleus and ____ energy while moving toward the nucleus

Answer 34

gain, lose

Question 35

electrons can gain/lose a fixed amount of energy; the minimum fixed amount is called a ______.

Answer 35

quantum

Question 36

ionic bonds involve the ____ of electrons

Answer 36

transfer

Question 37

in ionic bonds, are atoms physically bonded?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

ionic compounds are AKA

Answer 38

salts

Question 39

covalent bonds involve the ___ of electrons

Answer 39

sharing

Question 40

in covalent bonds, are atoms physically bonded?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

in a double bond, how many electrons are shared ?

Answer 41

4

Question 42

chemical reactions happen when

Answer 42

we change bonds (add, remove, change)

Question 43

chemical equilibrium

Answer 43

reactions to products is same rate as products to reactants

Question 44

why do bonds matter?

Answer 44

they store energy

Question 45

electronegativity

Answer 45

how hard atoms pull electrons

Question 46

polar covalent bonds have...

Answer 46

Partial (-) on strong EN Partial (+) on weak EN

Question 47

hydrogen bonds are permanent or temporary?

Answer 47

temporary

Question 48

how does a hydrogen bond work in a water molecule?

Answer 48

the partial + on hydrogen is attracted to the partial - on oxygen

Question 49

emergent properties of water: cohesion

Answer 49

h20 molecules stick together since they are attracted to eachother

Question 50

emergent properties of water: adhesion

Answer 50

water clings to other things (capillary action)

Question 51

higher heat =

Answer 51

higher molecule movement

Question 52

calorie (lowercase)

Answer 52

energy to raise 1g of water 1 degree celsius warmer

Question 53

emergent properties of water: specific heat

Answer 53

water has a high specific heat since hydrogen bonds resist movement of water molecules

Question 54

specific heat

Answer 54

amount of energy gained/lost by a molecule to change 1g by 1 degree celsius

Question 55

emergent properties of water: heat of vaporization

Answer 55

water has a high heat of vaporization since hydrogen bonds and surface tension make it hard fo water to escape

Question 56

what does water do when it evaporates?

Answer 56

carries away heat

Question 57

heat of vaporization

Answer 57

heat needed to evaporate 1g of liquid

Question 58

emergent properties of water: floating ice

Answer 58

ice is less dense than liquid water since hydrogen bonds push water molecules apart as they freeze

Question 59

emergent properties of water: water is a good solvent

Answer 59

the partial charges in water makes it easy to connect to other things with partial charges

Question 60

hydrophilic

Answer 60

dissolves in water and easily interacts with other hydrophillic compounds

Question 61

hydrophobic

Answer 61

does not dissolve in water; no charges; interacts with other hydrophobic compounds

Question 62

pH measures the presence of ___ ions

Answer 62

H+

Question 63

a change of 1 pH unit =

Answer 63

10x change in acidity

Question 64

pH buffers

Answer 64

reduces change in pH