additional exam 1 stuff Flashcards
shape of CH4
tetrahedral
shape of C2H6
2 tetrahedral groups
shape of C2H4
planar
types of lipids:
fats, phospholipids, steroids
levels of protein structure: primary
linear chain of amino acids (order and number)
levels of protein structure: secondary
interactions between peptide backbone
-hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups
-alpha helix: spiral
-beta pleated sheets
levels of protein structure: tertiary
due to side chain interactions
-give its overall 3D shape
levels of protein structure: quaternary
arrangement of multipoeptide chains (only in some)
flow of genetic info
DNA-RNA-Protein
pyrimidines have ___ carbon rings
1
PURINES HAVE __ CARBON RINGS
2
pyrimidines include
C, T, U
purines include
A, G
nucleotides are composed of
-phosphate groups
-sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
-nitrogenous base (2 ring or 1 ring)
DNA base pairing
adenine - thymine (uracil in RNA)
guanine- cytosine
5’ carbon end is attached to
phosphate group
3’ carbon end is attached to
hydroxyl group
endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells includes:
-smooth/rough ER
-golgi apparatus
-lysosome
-vacuoles
structural components of eukaryotic cells:
-membrane
-nucleus
-ribosomes
energy parts of eukaryotic cells
-mitochondria
-chloroplast
-peroxisome
the cell membrane consists of:
phospholipids, cholesterols, and proteins
in nucleic acid polymers, new nucleotides are added to which end?
3’ end
base pairing: which form 2 bonds
A , T, U
base pairing: which form 3 bonds
G, C
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells do not have internal structure and they are smaller
