lab final 1

Question 1

scientific method steps

Answer 1

questions, observations, hypotheses, testing, testing, conclusions, etc

Question 2

dependent variable goes on __ axis

Answer 2

y

Question 3

independent variable goes on __ axis

Answer 3

x

Question 4

____ data is presented in a line figure

Answer 4

continuous

Question 5

___ data is presented in a histogram or bar graph

Answer 5

discrete

Question 6

where does a figure description go?

Answer 6

under the figure
it should have enough information where a reader can understand the figure just by reading the description

Question 7

introduction section:

Answer 7

-background
-purpose
-hypothesis

Question 8

methods section:

Answer 8

-basic procedures
-important changes in procedures

Question 9

results section:

Answer 9

-tables/figures AND headings
-written description

Question 10

discussion section

Answer 10

-do results match hypothesis
_meaning of hypothesis
-possible errors
-new hypothesis
-major conclusions

Question 11

function of a spectrophotometer?

Answer 11

A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance (concentrations) can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected.

Question 12

absorbance vs transmittance?

Answer 12

Transmittance refers to the amount of light that passes completely through the sample and strikes the detector. Absorbance is a measurement of light that is absorbed by the sample.

Question 13

what is a “blank”?

Answer 13

A blank is a sample that contains everything except for the analyte of interest.

Question 14

what are enzymes are why are they important?

Answer 14

enzymes are biological catalyst that speed up chemical reactions by reducing activation energy.

Question 15

What are enzyme substrates?

Answer 15

Enzymes are proteins that act upon substrate molecules and decrease the activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilizing the transition state.

Question 16

what are enzyme products?

Answer 16

The substrate goes through a chemical reaction and changes into a new molecule called the product

Question 17

what are enzyme activators?

Answer 17

chemicals that bind to an enzyme to increase its activity

Question 18

what are enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 18

chemicals that bind to an enzyme to decrease its activity

Question 19

how do we measure the rate at which an enzyme works?

Answer 19

determine the rate at which substrate is used OR determine the rate at which product is formed

Question 20

Why do some fruits turn brown when they are cut?

Answer 20

The substrates react with one another within the active site of the enzyme. The products formed by this reaction are benzoquinone and water; since benzoquinone has a brown color, you can see that the reaction has taken place. This is called the fruit browning reaction.

Question 21

What are Catechol Oxidase, Catechol, and Benzoquinone?

Answer 21

catechol oxidase: enzyme
catechol: substrate
benzoquinone: product

Question 22

How does TLC work?

Answer 22

thin layer chromatography separates pigments from each other n
on-polar compounds move up the plate most rapidly , whereas polar substances travel up the TLC plate slowly or not at all.

Question 23

mobile phase vs stationary phase

Answer 23

The silica gel is the stationary phase. The mobile phase is a suitable liquid solvent or mixture of solvents.

Question 24

• Why do scientists repeat experiments?

Answer 24

lets you see patterns and trends in your results

Question 25

• What is a Solute? What is a Solvent?

Answer 25

The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium

Question 26

osmosis

Answer 26

osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.

Question 27

hypertonic

Answer 27

more solute in solution (water leaves cell)

Question 28

hypotonic

Answer 28

less solutes in solution (water enters cell and it swells)

Question 29

isotonic

Answer 29

equal solute concentration

Question 30

• How does dialysis tubing work?

Answer 30

dialysis tubing (membrane of tightly packed cellulose fibers) has pores that let certain molecules to pass through

Question 31

What is a semi-permeable membrane?

Answer 31

a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized “facilitated diffusion”.

Question 32

• In the osmosis/dialysis tubing experiment, why did you obtain the results you obtained?

Question 33

What is the physiological reason(s) why students in the “water”, “Gatorade”, and “control” groups had different urinary outputs?

Question 34

• What are the functions of nephrons, Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin), RAAS in your kidneys?

Question 35

• How might “dialysis” be related to human health? What are some major causes of human kidney failure, and how does kidney dialysis work to overcome this kidney failure?