eukaryotic cells

Question 1

nucleus stores

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

DNA pieces called ______ carry instructions for running the cell, called ______.

Answer 2

chromosomes; genes

Question 3

the nucleolus produces

Answer 3

ribosomes

Question 4

ribosomes use instructions from the nucleus to produce

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

where do ribosomes function?

Answer 5

cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

smooth ER functions to…

Answer 6

-create lipids
-break down carbs
-detoxify things
-store calcium

Question 7

rough ER is where ribosomes…

Answer 7

make proteins

Question 8

vesicles are sacs of membrane used for

Answer 8

storage (proteins) and transport

Question 9

golgi apparatus acts like a …

Answer 9

shipping center

Question 10

cis face of golgi apparatus

Answer 10

receives transport vesicles

Question 11

trans face of golgi apparatus

Answer 11

creates transport vehicles

Question 12

lysosomes breaks and recycles…

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

what do lysosomes use to break down protein?

Answer 13

hydrolysis

Question 14

what prevents lysosomes from destroying ALL proteins in the cell?

Answer 14

Lysosomes have acidic internal environment and can only break down proteins in acid, so if they break out into the rest of the cell, they will not work.

Question 15

vacuole

Answer 15

large vesicle that stores things

Question 16

how do mitochondria make energy?

Answer 16

they convert macromolecules into ATP

Question 17

mitochondria have their own….

Answer 17

DNA (from mom)

Question 18

how do chloroplasts (in plants) generate energy?

Answer 18

collect energy from sun and turn it into ATP

Question 19

third membrane of chloroplast is called

Answer 19

thylakoid (where ATP is made)

Question 20

grana

Answer 20

stack of thylakoids

Question 21

stroma

Answer 21

fluid outside thylakoids

Question 22

peroxisome function to take H away from something and give it to an ___ molecule to make _____

Answer 22

O2, H2O2

Question 23

thickest cytoskeleton element

Answer 23

microtubules

Question 24

cilia are (long/short) with (sweeping/fish) movements

Answer 24

short; sweeping

Question 25

flagella are (long/short) with (sweeping/fish) movements

Answer 25

long; fish

Question 26

thinnest cytoskeleton element

Answer 26

microfilament (actin)

Question 27

in plants, cell walls are composed of

Answer 27

cellulose

Question 28

in fungi, cell walls are composed of

Answer 28

chitin

Question 29

tight junction: plant, animal?

Answer 29

animal

Question 30

tight junction function

Answer 30

tightly connect membranes making it hard for fluid to pass between cells

Question 31

gap junctions (animal) are formed by

Answer 31

proteins called connexons

Question 32

which junction chemically connects cells?

Answer 32

gap junctions

Question 33

membrane proteins are ___% of the molecule, but __% of the weight

Answer 33

2; 50

Question 34

membrane protein functions

Answer 34

-transport hydrophilic molecules through membrane -cell cell recognition (often carbohydrates as glycoproteins) -cell adhesion receptors

Question 35

osmoregulation

Answer 35

control of ratio between water and solutes