hormones

Question 1

endocrine system:
-response speed?
-response duration?
-adaptation?
-area of effect?

Answer 1

-slow (seconds to days)
-long (minutes to days)
-response persists
-widespread

Question 2

chemical signaling: endocrine

Answer 2

chemicals signals are carried through blood and affect large parts of the body

Question 3

chemical signaling: paracrine

Answer 3

target cells lie near the secreting cells

Question 4

chemical signaling : autocrine

Answer 4

the secreting cells themselves are the target cells

Question 5

chemical signaling : synaptic

Answer 5

signals leave neurons and stimulate nearby cells

Question 6

chemical signaling: neuroendocrine

Answer 6

similar to endocrine but secreted by a neuron

Question 7

target cells

Answer 7

cells that respond to a given hormone

Question 8

target cells: hormone binds o a specific cell receptor

Answer 8

-target cells have correct receptors
-non target cells do not have correct receptors

Question 9

target cells: surface proteins

Answer 9

proteins that protrude through the cell membrane (water soluble hormones bind to these)

Question 10

target cells: internal receptors

Answer 10

proteins located within cells (lipid soluble hormones bind to these)

Question 11

signal transduction

Answer 11

converts signal into a response involving a series of steps (signal is magnified at each step)

Question 12

1 signal molecule can…

Answer 12

cause large internal response

Question 13

receptor can activate different

Answer 13

transduction pathways

Question 14

different receptors can detect

Answer 14

the same hormone

Question 15

a single signal can have

Answer 15

varying effects

Question 16

negative feedback

Answer 16

-response inhibits hormone production
-homeostasis involves hormones
-antagonistic pairs (hormones counteract each other)

Question 17

positive feedback

Answer 17

-response stimulates hormone production
-not involved in homeostasis
-not antagonistic pairs

Question 18

endocrine glands secrete hormones that

Answer 18

circulate through blood stream

Question 19

thyroid glad

Answer 19

regulate metabolic processes and lower blood calcium

Question 20

parathyroid glands

Answer 20

increase blood calcium

Question 21

pancreas

Answer 21

control blood glucose

Question 22

adrenal glands

Answer 22

stress response

Question 23

gonads

Answer 23

male and female sex hormones

Question 24

pineal glands

Answer 24

control biological rhythms

Question 25

thymus

Answer 25

manages adaptive immune system

Question 26

the ___ and ____ control the endocrine system

Answer 26

hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 27

hypothalamus: interface between

Answer 27

between nervous system and endocrine system

Question 28

hypothalamus function:

Answer 28

receives signals from brain and sensory information, and stimulates hormone release in response

Question 29

pituitary is divided into:

Answer 29

posterior (back) and anterior (front)

Question 30

posterior pituitary is an extension of

Answer 30

the hypothalamus

Question 31

posterior pituitary function

Answer 31

secretes neurohormones (created in hypothalamus and are stored in posterior pituitary )

Question 32

posterior pituitary releases ____ and _____

Answer 32

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 33

ADH targets:

Answer 33

Kidney tubules

Question 34

Oxytocin targets

Answer 34

mammary glands, uterine muscles

Question 35

anterior pituitary gland AKA

Answer 35

endocrine gland

Question 36

anterior pituitary functions

Answer 36

-secretes tropic hormones that control other glands -follows hormone instructions from hypothalamus

Question 37

anterior pituitary hormones:

Answer 37

FSH and LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, MSH, and GH

Question 38

FSH and LH targets

Answer 38

testes and ovaries

Question 39

TSH targets

Answer 39

thyroid

Question 40

ACTH targets

Answer 40

Adrenal cortex

Question 41

Prolactin targets

Answer 41

mammary glands

Question 42

MSH targets

Answer 42

melanocytes

Question 43

GH targets

Answer 43

all tissues (its a Growth Hormone)

Question 44

endocrine system example: stress response

Answer 44

1. epinephrine from adrenal medulla (breaks down glycogen and increases heart/respiration rate and BP) 2. mineralocorticoids from adrenal cortex (increases BP) 3. glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (create glucose from fat and protein)

Question 45

endocrine glands manage

Answer 45

homeostasis

Question 46

endocrine glands are managed by

Answer 46

hypothalamus and pituitary