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bio 141 Q1 > hormones > Flashcards

hormones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

endocrine system:
-response speed?
-response duration?
-adaptation?
-area of effect?

A

-slow (seconds to days)
-long (minutes to days)
-response persists
-widespread

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2
Q

chemical signaling: endocrine

A

chemicals signals are carried through blood and affect large parts of the body

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3
Q

chemical signaling: paracrine

A

target cells lie near the secreting cells

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4
Q

chemical signaling : autocrine

A

the secreting cells themselves are the target cells

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5
Q

chemical signaling : synaptic

A

signals leave neurons and stimulate nearby cells

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6
Q

chemical signaling: neuroendocrine

A

similar to endocrine but secreted by a neuron

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7
Q

target cells

A

cells that respond to a given hormone

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8
Q

target cells: hormone binds o a specific cell receptor

A

-target cells have correct receptors
-non target cells do not have correct receptors

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9
Q

target cells: surface proteins

A

proteins that protrude through the cell membrane (water soluble hormones bind to these)

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10
Q

target cells: internal receptors

A

proteins located within cells (lipid soluble hormones bind to these)

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11
Q

signal transduction

A

converts signal into a response involving a series of steps (signal is magnified at each step)

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12
Q

1 signal molecule can…

A

cause large internal response

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13
Q

receptor can activate different

A

transduction pathways

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14
Q

different receptors can detect

A

the same hormone

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15
Q

a single signal can have

A

varying effects

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16
Q

negative feedback

A

-response inhibits hormone production
-homeostasis involves hormones
-antagonistic pairs (hormones counteract each other)

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17
Q

positive feedback

A

-response stimulates hormone production
-not involved in homeostasis
-not antagonistic pairs

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18
Q

endocrine glands secrete hormones that

A

circulate through blood stream

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19
Q

thyroid glad

A

regulate metabolic processes and lower blood calcium

20
Q

parathyroid glands

A

increase blood calcium

21
Q

pancreas

A

control blood glucose

22
Q

adrenal glands

A

stress response

23
Q

gonads

A

male and female sex hormones

24
Q

pineal glands

A

control biological rhythms

25
Q

thymus

A

manages adaptive immune system

26
Q

the ___ and ____ control the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

27
Q

hypothalamus: interface between

A

between nervous system and endocrine system

28
Q

hypothalamus function:

A

receives signals from brain and sensory information, and stimulates hormone release in response

29
Q

pituitary is divided into:

A

posterior (back) and anterior (front)

30
Q

posterior pituitary is an extension of

A

the hypothalamus

31
Q

posterior pituitary function

A

secretes neurohormones (created in hypothalamus and are stored in posterior pituitary )

32
Q

posterior pituitary releases ____ and _____

A

ADH and Oxytocin

33
Q

ADH targets:

A

Kidney tubules

34
Q

Oxytocin targets

A

mammary glands, uterine muscles

35
Q

anterior pituitary gland AKA

A

endocrine gland

36
Q

anterior pituitary functions

A

-secretes tropic hormones that control other glands
-follows hormone instructions from hypothalamus

37
Q

anterior pituitary hormones:

A

FSH and LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, MSH, and GH

38
Q

FSH and LH targets

A

testes and ovaries

39
Q

TSH targets

A

thyroid

40
Q

ACTH targets

A

Adrenal cortex

41
Q

Prolactin targets

A

mammary glands

42
Q

MSH targets

A

melanocytes

43
Q

GH targets

A

all tissues (its a Growth Hormone)

44
Q

endocrine system example: stress response

A
  1. epinephrine from adrenal medulla (breaks down glycogen and increases heart/respiration rate and BP)
  2. mineralocorticoids from adrenal cortex (increases BP)
  3. glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (create glucose from fat and protein)
45
Q

endocrine glands manage

A

homeostasis

46
Q

endocrine glands are managed by

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

bio 141 Q1 (22 decks)

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