hormones Flashcards
endocrine system:
-response speed?
-response duration?
-adaptation?
-area of effect?
-slow (seconds to days)
-long (minutes to days)
-response persists
-widespread
chemical signaling: endocrine
chemicals signals are carried through blood and affect large parts of the body
chemical signaling: paracrine
target cells lie near the secreting cells
chemical signaling : autocrine
the secreting cells themselves are the target cells
chemical signaling : synaptic
signals leave neurons and stimulate nearby cells
chemical signaling: neuroendocrine
similar to endocrine but secreted by a neuron
target cells
cells that respond to a given hormone
target cells: hormone binds o a specific cell receptor
-target cells have correct receptors
-non target cells do not have correct receptors
target cells: surface proteins
proteins that protrude through the cell membrane (water soluble hormones bind to these)
target cells: internal receptors
proteins located within cells (lipid soluble hormones bind to these)
signal transduction
converts signal into a response involving a series of steps (signal is magnified at each step)
1 signal molecule can…
cause large internal response
receptor can activate different
transduction pathways
different receptors can detect
the same hormone
a single signal can have
varying effects
negative feedback
-response inhibits hormone production
-homeostasis involves hormones
-antagonistic pairs (hormones counteract each other)
positive feedback
-response stimulates hormone production
-not involved in homeostasis
-not antagonistic pairs
endocrine glands secrete hormones that
circulate through blood stream
thyroid glad
regulate metabolic processes and lower blood calcium
parathyroid glands
increase blood calcium
pancreas
control blood glucose
adrenal glands
stress response
gonads
male and female sex hormones
pineal glands
control biological rhythms
thymus
manages adaptive immune system
the ___ and ____ control the endocrine system
hypothalamus and pituitary
hypothalamus: interface between
between nervous system and endocrine system
hypothalamus function:
receives signals from brain and sensory information, and stimulates hormone release in response
pituitary is divided into:
posterior (back) and anterior (front)
posterior pituitary is an extension of
the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary function
secretes neurohormones (created in hypothalamus and are stored in posterior pituitary )
posterior pituitary releases ____ and _____
ADH and Oxytocin
ADH targets:
Kidney tubules
Oxytocin targets
mammary glands, uterine muscles
anterior pituitary gland AKA
endocrine gland
anterior pituitary functions
-secretes tropic hormones that control other glands
-follows hormone instructions from hypothalamus
anterior pituitary hormones:
FSH and LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, MSH, and GH
FSH and LH targets
testes and ovaries
TSH targets
thyroid
ACTH targets
Adrenal cortex
Prolactin targets
mammary glands
MSH targets
melanocytes
GH targets
all tissues (its a Growth Hormone)
endocrine system example: stress response
- epinephrine from adrenal medulla (breaks down glycogen and increases heart/respiration rate and BP)
- mineralocorticoids from adrenal cortex (increases BP)
- glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (create glucose from fat and protein)
endocrine glands manage
homeostasis
endocrine glands are managed by
hypothalamus and pituitary
