lab quiz 4

Question 1

how are chemical reactions sped up?

Answer 1

the formation of an enzyme substrate complex which reduces the every required for the specific reaction to occur

Question 2

enzyme’s specific shapes and structures

Answer 2

conformation

Question 3

enzymes are primarily

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

conformation of an enzyme determines its

Answer 4

function

Question 5

the enzyme’s _______ is selective, only allowing certain substances to bind

Answer 5

active site

Question 6

enzyme’s activity is

Answer 6

the rate at which it converts substrate to product

Question 7

activators

Answer 7

chemicals that bind to an enzyme and increase its activity

Question 8

inhibitors

Answer 8

chemicals that bind to an enzyme and decrease its activity

Question 9

cofactors

Answer 9

non-protein chemicals which bind to an enzyme and are essential to its functioning

Question 10

types of cofactors

Answer 10

metal ions or coenzymes

Question 11

two common ways of measuring enzyme activity

Answer 11

1. determine rate at which substrate is used
2. rate at which product is formed

Question 12

many enzymes absorb or transmit of certain wavelengths, so their change in concentration can be determined by measuring…

Answer 12

rates of color change

Question 13

catechol oxidase is an

Answer 13

enzyme

Question 14

catechol is the

Answer 14

substrate

Question 15

catechol oxidase (enzyme) converts catechol (substrate) into the product:______

Answer 15

benzoquinone

Question 16

why do plants have catechol oxidase?

Answer 16

helps to protect damaged plants against both bacterial and fungal disease AND predators by producing benzoquinone

Question 17

how does concentration of substrate affect enzyme activity?

Answer 17

As the concentration of the substrate increases, so does the rate of enzyme activity until saturation is reached

Question 18

how does concentration of enzyme affect enzyme activity?

Answer 18

increasing enzyme concentration will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to. Once all of the substrate is bound, the reaction will no longer speed up, since there will be nothing for additional enzymes to bind to.

Question 19

how does concentration of enzyme affect enzyme activity?

Question 20

how do changes in pH affect enzyme activity?

Answer 20

there is an optimal pH range, but if you go outside the range (up or down) it will decrease enzyme activity

Question 21

why do you blank when using a spectrophotometer ?

Answer 21

-This ensures the absorbance measured in the samples is attributed only to the sample material and not the components of the solution the sample is suspended in or the cuvette.
-so that the instrument can zero out these background readings and only report values for the compound of interest

Question 22

enzymes bind to

Answer 22

substrates