reproductive systems 14.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

y chromosome has a gene called the ____

A

testes determining factor (TDF)

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2
Q

male sex hormones=

A

androgens

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3
Q

puberty begins between ages ___ for males

A

10-13

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4
Q

GnRH comes from ___

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

GnRH begins ___

A

puberty

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6
Q

GnRH stimulates_____

A

anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

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7
Q

FSH begins

A

sperm production

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8
Q

LH releases

A

testosterone from testes

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9
Q

FSH causes production of sperm in __

A

seminiferous tubules of testes

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10
Q

Sperm production in seminiferous tubules causes the release of __

A

Inhibin from tubules

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11
Q

Inhibin inhibits___

A

production of FSH in anterior pituitary to keep sperm levels constant (negative feedback)

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12
Q

LH causes production and releases of ___

A

testosterone

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13
Q

testosterone inhibits release of ___

A

LH from anterior pituitary to keep testosterone levels constant

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14
Q

andropause:

A

declining testosterone levels with aging (loss of muscle, decreased sperm production etc)

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15
Q

puberty for females begins between the ages of ____

A

9-13

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16
Q

LH and FSH in females stimulate ___ +____

A

estrogen and progesterone production in ovaries

17
Q

menstrual cycles consists of which 2 cycles

A

ovarian and uterine

18
Q

menstrual cycles=

A

period when ovum is released and uterus prepared for implantation of fertilized egg

19
Q

first stage of menstrual cycle + what happens

A

menstruation
endometrium disintegrates and is shed if no egg is fertilized

20
Q

ovarian cycle is divided into 2 stages

A

follicular and luteal stages

21
Q

what happens in the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle (5)

A
  • increased FSH causes one follicle to mature
  • maturing follicle releases estrogen (mainly) and progesterone
  • this triggers the release of GnRH
  • LH spike
    -ovulation
22
Q

estrogen thickens ___

A

endometrium

23
Q

ovulation=

A

follicle ruptures and releases ovum into oviduct

24
Q

what happens in the luteal stage (4)

A
  • follicle developed into corpus luteum due to LH
  • corpus luteum secrets estrogen and progesterone (mainly)
  • FSH and LH prodcution is therefore inhibited
  • corpus luteum degenerates so FSH and LH aren’t inhibited anymore
25
Q

if fertilization and implantation occurs what maintains estrogen and progesterone levels

A

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

26
Q

after fertilization progesterone ____ and estrogen _____

A

Maintains endometrium to support developing fetus

stops ovarian cycle (no more follicles mature)

27
Q

Uterine cycle ensures

A

that the uterus is ready for a fertilized egg

28
Q

tissues and blood vessels of endometrium to support life are developed in what cycle

A

uterine cycle

29
Q

endometrium disintegrating =

A

menstruation

30
Q

proliferative stage is days ___

A

6-12

31
Q

secretory stage is days ___

A

14-28

32
Q

what happens in the proliferative stage(2)

A

-corpus luteum degenerates- low hormone levels- new follicle matures and releases estrogen

  • estrogen levels in blood increase and endometrium thickens
33
Q

what happens in the secretory stage

A

progesterone is released after ovulation therefore endometrium wall thickens rapidly

34
Q

if no fertilization occurs the ____ degenerates

A

corpus luteum

35
Q

after puberty number of functioning follicles ____

A

decreases gradually due to a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels

36
Q

menopause is ___ and usually occurs around the age of _____

A

the end of the menstrual cycle
age 50