13.3/13.4

Question 1

stress responses are regulated by which glands

Answer 1

adrenal glands

Question 2

adrenal glands are located on top of

Answer 2

the kidneys

Question 3

short term stress response =

Answer 3

fight or flight

Question 4

short term stress responses controlled by hormones of the ____

Answer 4

adrenal medulla

Question 5

3 functions of short term stress hormones

Answer 5

increase blood sugar, breathing rate and heart rate

Question 5

hormones of adrenal medulla= ___+_____

Answer 5

epinephrine and norephrine

Question 6

pathway of short term stress response

Answer 6

stress-hypothalamus-adrenal glands via neurons- epinephrin/norephrine

Question 7

long term stress response controled by ____

Answer 7

adrenal cortex

Question 8

2 types of hormones in adrenal cortex

Answer 8

glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

Question 9

cortisol=

Answer 9

steroid made from cholesterol that raises blood glucose levels

Question 9

cortisol is controlled by

Answer 9

ACTH in adrenal cortex

Question 10

ACTH is release from ____ and targets_____

Answer 10

anterior pituitary
adrenal cortex

Question 11

function of ACTH

Answer 11

to stimulate the release of cortisol

Question 12

pathway of ACTH

Answer 12

stress- hypothalamus- releasing hormone- anterior pituitary- ACTH- adrenal cortex- cortisol

Question 13

increase cortisol inhibits____

Answer 13

release of ACTH from ant. pituitary

Question 14

aldosterone is the main

Answer 14

mineralocorricoid

Question 15

aldosterone comes from____ and travels to ____

Answer 15

adrenal cortex
kidneys

Question 16

function of aldosterone

Answer 16

promote the absorption of Na+ into blood

Question 17

pathway of aldosterone

Answer 17

low bp- adrenal cortex- aldosterone- kidneys- increase Na+ and H20 absorption

Question 18

Addison’s disease

Answer 18

not enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (damage to adrenal cortex)

Question 19

hormones in the ____ maintain bood glucose levels

Answer 19

pamcreas

Question 19

clusters of endocrine cells in the pacrease release which 2 hormones in to the blood

Answer 19

insulin and glucagon

Question 20

insulin is secreted by ___ cells

Answer 20

beta cells

Question 21

function of insulin

Answer 21

to decrease blood glucose levels

Question 22

pathway of insulin

Answer 22

high blood sugar (eg after eating)- islets of langerhans- insulin- uptake and storage of sugar

Question 23

clusters of endocrine cells are called

Answer 23

islets and langerhans

Question 24

glucagon is secreted by ___ cells

Answer 24

alpha cells

Question 25

function of glucagon is to

Answer 25

increase blood glucose levels

Question 26

negative feedback for glucagon=

Answer 26

blood sugar increase therefore glucagon secretion slows

Question 27

pathway for glucagon

Answer 27

low blood sugar (eg execising) - islets and langerhans- glucagon- conversion of glycogen to glucose