glands and hormones 13.1/13.2 Flashcards
tropic hormones
hormones that target endocrine glands to release different hormones
often control releasing hormone by negative feedback
2 parts of the pituitary gland
anterior and posterior
pituitary gland is controlled by releasing hormones from ____
hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
stores and releases hormones (ADH and oxytocin)
anterior pituitary synthesizes and releases these 6 major hormones
1)hGH 2)PRL 3)TSH 4)ACTH 5) FSH 6) LH c
controlled by ____ and ____ hormones from hypothalamus
release and release inhibiting
pathway with releasing hormone
hypothalamus- releasing hormone- anterior pituitary- release of hormone
path way with release inhibiting hormones
hypothalamus- release inhibiting hormone- anterior pituitary- does not release hormone
hGH is produced and released form
anterior pituitary
hGH function (2)
travels to liver stimulating it to release growth factors
increase protein synthesis, cell division, and growth of muscle/bone/cartilage
excessive growth =
gigantism
small stature with normal proportions=
pituitary dwarfism
acromegaly condition
too much hGH leads to wide bones but no height increase
thyroid gland is found _____ with one lobe on each side of the _______
below the larynx
trachea
thyroid gland produces and releases
thyroxine (T4)
function of thyroxine (3)
increase metabolism of fats proteins +carbs
increase cell resp.
development of cells and tissues in children
thyroxine targets
all cells but expeciallly the liver, increasing heart rate and muscles used for cell resp
thyroxine is controlled by
thyroxine-stimulating hormone (TSH)
TSH targets ___ and stimulates the release of _____
the thyroid
thyroxine T4
TSH is regulated by
a negative feedback loop
hypothyroidism
not enough thyroxine
hyperthyroidism
too much thyroxine
graves disease
severe hyperthyroidism caused by immune system attacking the thyroid
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid due to lack of iodine (no iodine= no thyroxine=m broken negative feedback loop)
calcium regulation is controlled by ____ and ______
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
calcitonin originates in the
thyroid
function of calcitonin (2)
increase Ca uptake by bones, lowering Ca levels in blood
inhibits PTH
calcitonin and PTH have ____ effects
opposite
PTH =
parathyroid hormone
PTH produced an released from
parathyroid glands
PTH is released in response to
low blood Ca levels
PTH function (3)
release Ca from bones into blood
reabsorb Ca into kidneys and absorb into intestines
controls negative feedback loop
